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1 δίκαιος
A in Hom. and all writers, of persons, observant of custom or rule, Od.3.52; esp. of social rule, well-ordered, civilized,ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δ. 9.175
, cf. 8.575; [Γαλακτοφάγοι] δικαιότατοι Il.13.6
; [Χείρων] δικαιότατος Κενταύρων 11.832
, cf. Thgn.314, 794; δ. πολίτης a good citizen, D.3.21, etc.: metaph. of the sea, Sol.12.2 ([comp] Sup.); δικαίη ζόη a civilized way of living, Hdt.2.177. Adv. δικαίως, μνᾶσθαι woo in due form, decently, Od.14.90;ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δ. εἶχον
loyally,S.
Ant. 292.2 observant of duty to gods and men, righteous, Od.13.209, etc.;δ. πρὸς πᾶσαν ὁμιλίην Hp.Medic. 2
;ἰθὺς καὶ δ. Hdt.1.96
; opp. δυσσεβής, A.Th. 598, cf. 610;δ. καὶ ὅσιος Pl.Grg. 507b
; (lyr.); also of actions, etc., righteous, ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ a thing rightly said, Od.18.414, etc.B later:I equal, even, well-balanced, ἅρμα δίκαιον evengoing chariot, X.Cyr.2.2.26: so metaph.,νωμᾷ δικαίῳ πηδαλίῳ στρατόν Pi.P.1.86
;δικαιόταται ἀντιρροπαί Hp.Art.7
; δικαιότατα μοχλεύειν ibid.: hence, fair, impartial, ;συγγραφεύς Luc.Hist.Conscr.39
.b legally exact, precise, τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων to speak quite exactly, Hdt.7.108, cf. Th.3.44; of Numbers,αἱ ἑκατὸν ὀργυιαὶ δίκαιαι Hdt.2.149
. Adv.-αίως, πάντα δ. ὑμῖν τετήρηται D.21.3
; δ. ἐξετάζειν ib.154.2 lawful, just, esp. τὸ δ. right, opp. τὸ ἄδικον, Hdt.1.96, A.Pr. 189 (lyr.), etc.;τὸ δ. τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον Arist.EN 1129a34
; δ. διορθωτικόν, διανεμητικόν, ib. 1131b25, 27; τὸ πολιτικὸν δ. ib. 1134b18;ἔστι ἐπιεικὲς τὸ παρὰ τὸν γεγραμμένον νόμον δ. Id.Rh. 1374a27
, cf. EN 1137b12;καὶ δίκαια κἄδικα Ar. Nu.99
;τὰ ἴσα καὶ τὰ δ. D.21.67
; τοὐμὸν δ. my own right, E.IA 810; ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ δ. bring the case to this issue, Antipho6.24; οὐδὲν τῶν δ. ποιεῖν τινί not to do what is just and right by a man, X.HG5.3.10; τὰ δ. ἔχειν, λαμβάνειν, receive one's due, Id.An.7.7.14, 17; τὰ δ. πράττεσθαι πόλιν give a city its deserts, A.Ag. 812; ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου, = δικαίως, Ar.Av. 1435, cf. Th.2.89; so ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου, τῶν δικαίων, Inscr.Prien.50.8 (ii B. C.), 123.8 (i B. C.);μετὰ τοῦ δ. Lys.2.12
, D.21.177; τὸ δίκαιον lawful claim, ἃ ἔχομεν δίκαια πρός .. Th.3.54, cf. D. 21.179, Plu.Luc.3, etc.; τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους δ. mutual obligations or contracts, Plb.3.21.10; ἐπὶ συγκειμένοις τισὶ δικαίοις on certain agreed terms, D.H.3.51. Adv.- αίως
rightly, justly,Hdt.
6.137;μεῖζον ἢ δ. A.Ag. 376
(lyr.);καὶ δ. καὶ ἀδίκως And.1.135
.II of persons and things, meet and right, fitting,δ. τοῦδε τοῦ φόνου ῥαφεύς A.Ag. 1604
;κόσμος οὐ φέρειν δ. Id.Eu.55
; ἵππον δ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι make a horse fit for another's use, X.Mem.4.4.5, cf. Cyn.7.4 (ἵππος δ. τὴν σιαγόνα having a good mouth, Poll.1.196).2 real, genuine,γόνος S.Fr.[1119]
;ποιῶν τὰ ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ δ. Supp.Epigr.2.184.7
(Tanagra, ii B. C.). Adv., εἴπερ δικαίως ἐστ' ἐμός really and truly mine, S.Aj. 547, cf.Pl.Cra. 418e.3 ὁ δ. λόγος the plea of equity, Th.1.76. Adv.- αίως
with reason,Id.
6.34, cf. S.OT 675: [comp] Comp. , etc.; also- οτέρως Isoc. 15.170
: [comp] Sup. ; [dialect] Aeol.δικαίτατα IG12(2).526c17
([place name] Eresus).C in Prose, δίκαιός εἰμι, c. inf., δίκαιοί ἐστε ἰέναι you are bound to come, Hdt.9.60, cf. 8.137;δ. εἰμεν ἔχειν Id.9.27
; δ. εἰμι κολάζειν I have a right to punish, Ar.Nu. 1434, cf. S.Ant. 400;δ. ἐστι περιπεσεῖν κακοῖς Antipho 3.3.7
; δ. εἰσι ἀπιστότατοι εἶναι they have most reason to distrust, Th.4.17;δ. βλάπτεσθαι Lys.20.12
;δ. ἐστιν ἀπολωλέναι
dignus est qui pereat,D.
6.37; ὁ σπουδαῖος ἄρχειν δ. has a right to.., Arist.Pol. 1287b12; with a non-personal subject,ἔλεος δ. ἀντιδίδοσθαι Th.3.40
: less freq. in [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup.,δικαιότεροι χαρίσασθαι Lys.20.34
;δικαιότατος εἶ ἀπαγγέλλειν Pl.Smp. 172b
; but δίκαιόν ἐστι is also found, Hdt.1.39, A.Pr. 611, etc.: pl., , cf. Tr. 495, 1116; δικαίως ἄν, c. opt., Pl. Phdr. 276a. [ δικαίων with penult. short in Orph.Fr.247.2; cf. οὐ δίκαον· οὐ δίκαιον, Hsch.]Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δίκαιος
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2 δίκαιος
δίκαιος, αία, ον (s. δικαιοσύνη; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)① pert. to being in accordance with high standards of rectitude, upright, just, fairⓐ of humansα. In Gr-Rom. tradition a δ. pers. is one who upholds the customs and norms of behavior, including esp. public service, that make for a well-ordered, civilized society (Hom, Od. 6, 120f hospitality and fear of God mark an upright pers.; Dem. 3, 21 a δίκαιος πολίτης gives priority to the interest of the state). Such perspective opened a bridge to Greco-Romans for understanding of Jewish/Christian perspectives: e.g. the description of an eccl. overseer (w. σώφρων, ὅσιος) Tit 1:8. Both polytheistic and monotheistic societies closely associated uprightness, with special reference to behavior toward humans (cp. Pla., Rep. 4, 443; Aristot. EN 5, 1, 1129a-1130a), and piety in reference esp. to familial obligations and deity (Augustus enshrined the perspective, taking pride in being awarded a crown for his δικαιοσύνη and εὐσέβεια Res Gestae 34). In keeping with OT tradition, NT writers emphasize a connection between upright conduct and sense of responsibility to God; δ. like צַדִּיק=conforming to the laws of God and people. General definition ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην δ. ἐστιν one who does what is right, is righteous 1J 3:7; cp. Rv 22:11.—Ro 5:7. δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται law does not apply to an upright person 1 Ti 1:9. οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος Ro 3:10 (cp. Eccl 7:20); δ. παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13; δ. ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 7:1; Job 32:2) Lk 1:6. W. φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν of Cornelius Ac 10:22. W. εὐλαβής (Pla., Pol. 311ab ἤθη εὐλαβῆ κ. δίκαια, τὸ δικαιον κ. εὐλαβές) Lk 2:25. W. ἀγαθός (Kaibel 648, 10; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; 9, 132 ἀνὴρ ἀγ. κ. δίκ.; s. ἀγαθός 2aα) 23:50; ἀθῷος (Sus 53) 1 Cl 46:4; ὅσιος (En 103:9) 2 Cl 15:3; ταπεινός B 19:6. (ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον Just., D. 47, 5). Serving God w. a pure heart makes one δ. 2 Cl 11:1. Hence the δίκαιοι=the just, the upright in a specif. Israelite-Christian sense Mt 13:43 (cp. Da 12:3 Theod.) Lk 1:17; 1 Pt 3:12 (Ps 33:16); 1 Cl 22:6 (Ps 33:16); 33:7; 45:3f; 48:3 (Ps 117:20); 2 Cl 6:9; 17:7; 20:3f; B 11:7 (Ps 1:5f); MPol 14:1; 17:1; also of those who only appear upright (cp. Pr 21:2) Mt 23:28; Lk 18:9; 20:20; specifically of Christians Mt 10:41; Ac 14:2 D; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); Hv 1, 4, 2. W. apostles MPol 19:2; cp. 1 Cl 5:2. Esp. of the righteous of the OT: πατέρες δ. 1 Cl 30:7. W. prophets Mt 13:17; 23:29 (perh. teachers: DHill, NTS 11, ’64/65, 296–302). Of Abel (Did., Gen. 181, 10) Mt 23:35 (construction with τοῦ αἵματος deserves consideration: GKilpatrick, BT 16, ’65, 119); Hb 11:4; Enoch 1 Cl 9:3; Lot 2 Pt 2:7f (Noah: Just., D. 20, 1; 138, 1; δίκαιοι καὶ πατριάρχαι ibid. 67, 7); John the Baptist (w. ἅγιος) Mk 6:20; δ. τετελειωμένοι just persons made perfect (i.e., who have died) Hb 12:23. Opp. ἄδικοι (Pr 17:15; 29:27; En 99:3; 100:7) Mt 5:45; Ac 24:15; 1 Pt 3:18; ἁμαρτωλοί (Ps 1:5; En 104:6 and 12; PsSol 2:34) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17; Lk 5:32; 15:7; ἁμαρτωλοί and ἀσεβεῖς (Ps 1:5f) 1 Ti 1:9; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); πονηροί (Pr 11:15) Mt 13:49 (μοχθηροί Tat. 3, 2). W. regard to the Last Judgment, the one who stands the test is δ. righteous Mt 25:37, 46.—Ro 1:17 (s. ζάω 2bβ); Gal 3:11; Hb 10:38 (all three Hab 2:4; cp. Larfeld I 494); Ro 5:19. Resurrection of the just Lk 14:14; prayer Js 5:16; cp. 5:6 (1bβ below). Joseph, who is interested in doing the right thing honorable, just, good (Jos., Ant. 15, 106; Diod S 33, 5, 6 ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς κ. δικαίου; Conon [I B.C.–I A.D.]: 26 Fgm. 1, 17 Jac.; Galen CMG V/10, 3 p. 33, 13f [XVIII/1 p. 247 K.] ἄνδρες δ.) Mt 1:19 (w. connotation of ‘merciful’ DHill, ET 76, ’65, 133f; s. δικαιοσύνη 3b).β. of things relating to human beings ἔργα 1J 3:12; αἷμα δ. (Jo 4:19; La 4:13=αἷμα δικαίου Pr 6:17, where αἷ. δίκαιον is a v.l.) blood of an upright, or better, an innocent man Mt 23:35 (s. 1bβ below), and esp. 27:4, where δ. is v.l. for ἀθῷον; AcPl Ha 11, 8; ψυχὴ δ. upright soul (cp. Pr 10:3; s. also GrBar 10:5) 2 Pt 2:8; πνεῦμα δ. upright spirit Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐντολή (w. ἁγία and ἀγαθή) Ro 7:12. κρίσις (Dt 16:18; Is 58:2; 2 Macc 9:18; 3 Macc 2:22; Jos., Ant. 9, 4) J 5:30; 7:24; 8:16 v.l.; 2 Th 1:5; B 20:2. Pl. Rv 16:7; 19:2. φύσει δικαίᾳ by an upright nature IEph 1:1 (Hdb. ad loc.; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 24, 8); ὁδὸς δ. (Vi. Aesopi I G 85 P. of the ‘right way’) 2 Cl 5:7; B 12:4; pl. Rv 15:3.ⓑ of transcendent beings. Because of their privileged status as authority figures, the idea of fairness or equity is associated w. such entities (for δ. in the sense of ‘equitable’ in a very explicit form s. Strabo 4, 18, 7).α. God (NRhizos, Καππαδοκικά 1856, p. 113: it is gener. assumed that deities are just or fair, but the attribute is esp. affirmed in an ins fr. Tyana Θεῷ δικαίῳ Μίθρᾳ.—JMordtmann, MAI 10, 1885, 11–14 has several exx. of ὅσιος κ. δίκαιος as adj. applied to gods in west Asia Minor.—δικ. of Isis: PRoussel, Les cultes égypt. à Delos 1916, p. 276.—Oft. in OT; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 11, 55 [w. ἀληθινός]; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 23, 2) just, righteous w. ref. to God’s judgment of people and nations κριτὴς δ. a righteous judge (Ps 7:12; 2 Macc 12:6; PsSol 9:2; cp. the description of Rhadamanthys, Pind., O. 2, 69) 2 Ti 4:8; δ. ἐν τοῖς κρίμασιν 1 Cl 27:1; 60:1; cp. 56:5 (Ps 140:5); πατὴρ δ. J 17:25; cp. Ro 3:26; 1J 2:29; cp. 3:7; ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ δ. AcPlCor 2:12. W. ὅσιος (Ps 144:17; Dt 32:4) Rv 16:5. W. πιστός 1J 1:9.β. of Jesus who, as the ideal of an upright pers. is called simply ὁ δ. the upright one (HDechent, D. ‘Gerechte’, Eine Bezeichnung für d. Messias: StKr 100, 1928, 439–43) Ac 7:52; 22:14; Mt 27:19, cp. 24 v.l.; 1J 2:1; 3:7b; Lk 23:47 (for Gr-Rom. associations in favor of upright, esp. in Lk 23:47 s. Danker, Benefactor ’82, 345f. GKilpatrick, JTS 42, ’41, 34–36, prefers innocent, so also Goodsp., Probs. 90f, but against this interp. s. RHanson, Hermathena 60, ’42, 74–78; RKarris, JBL 105, ’86, 65–74). W. ἅγιος Ac 3:14. On the qu. whether Js 5:6 applies to Jesus, s. KAland, TLZ ’44, 103 and MDibelius, Commentary (Hermeneia), ad loc. (but s. Greeven’s note in this comm. p. 240, 58: ‘perhaps a veiled, melancholy allusion to the death of James’).—Also of angels Hs 6, 3, 2.② The neuter denotes that which is obligatory in view of certain requirements of justice, right, fair, equitable (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 12; Jos., Ant. 15, 376; cp. Strabo 4, 18, 7; s. Larfeld I 494) δ. παρὰ θεῷ it is right in the sight of God 2 Th 1:6. Also δ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 4:19; δ. καὶ ὅσιον it is right and holy 1 Cl 14:1, pl. Phil 4:8; δ. ἐστιν it is right Eph 6:1; w. inf. foll. Phil 1:7; 1 Cl 21:4 (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14; PSI 442, 14 [III B.C.] οὐ δίκαιόν ἐστι οὕτως εἶναι; Sir 10:23; 2 Macc 9:12; 4 Macc 6:34); δ. ἡγοῦμαι I consider it right (Diod S 12, 45, 1 δ. ἡγοῦντο) 2 Pt 1:13; τὸ δ. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 97 §409 τὸ δ.=the just cause; Arrian, Anab. 3, 27, 5; Polyb.; IMagnMai; SEG XLI, 625, 5; pap; 2 Macc 4:34; 10:12; 3 Macc 2:25; EpArist; Jos., Bell. 4, 340 Ant. 16, 158; το νῦν δ. Tat. 1, 3) what is right Lk 12:57. τὸ δ. παρέχεσθαι give what is right Col 4:1. ὸ̔ ἐὰν ᾖ δ. δώσω ὑμῖν whatever is right I will give you Mt 20:4 (Diod S 5, 71, 1 τὸ δίκαιον άλλήλοις διδόναι; 8, 25, 4). Abstract for concrete (Philipp. [=Demosth. 12] 23 μετὰ τοῦ δ.; Dio Chrys. 52 [69], 6 ἄνευ νόμου κ. δικαίου; Ael. Aristid, 46 p. 302 D.) τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδὸν ἔχει uprightness goes the straight way Hm 6, 1, 2. Pl. (Diod S 15, 11, 1; 19, 85, 3; Appian, Samn. 11 §4 al.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 30, 1; Jos., Ant. 19, 288; SibOr 3, 257; Just., A I, 68, 3 δ. ἀξιοῦν; D. 28, 4 φυλάσσει τὰ αἰώνια δ.) δίκαια βουλεύεσθαι have upright thoughts Hv 1, 1, 8 (cp. λαλεῖν Is 59:4; ἐκζητήσεται 1 Macc 7:12; κρίνειν Ar. 15, 4; Just., A II, 15, 5).—B. 1180. DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
3 δίκη
A custom, usage, αὕτη δ. ἐστὶ βροτῶν this is the way of mortals, Od.11.218;ἡ γὰρ δ. ἐστὶ γερόντων 24.255
, etc.;ἥ τ' ἐστὶ δ. θείων βασιλήων 4.691
;ἡ γὰρ δμώων δ. ἐστίν 14.59
, etc.; ἡ γὰρ δ., ὁππότε .. this is always the way, when.., 19.168 (so in late Prose,ἥπερ ἱππομαχίας δ. Arr.An.3.15.2
); δίκαν ἐφέπειν τινός to imitate him, Pi.P.1.50; δ. ἐπέχειν τινός to be like.., Anon.Lond.6.18; normal course of nature,ἐκ τουτέων ὁ θάνατος οὐ γίνεται κατά γε δίκην, οὐδ' ἢν γένηται Hp.VC3
: hence,2 adverb. in acc. δίκην, in the way of, after the manner of, c. gen.,λύκοιο Pi.P.2.84
; ; ; in later Prose, Arist.Mu. 395b22, Luc. Dem.Enc.31, Alciphr.1.6, etc.: mostly of living creatures or persons, but also of things, as δίκην ὕδατος, ἀγγείου, A.Th.85 (lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 235d.II order, right, μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευές nothing short of what is fit, Il.19.180; opp. βία, might, 16.388; opp. σχέτλια ἔργα, Od.14.84; personified, Hes.Th. 902, A.Th. 662, etc.;Δίκης βωμός Id.Ag. 383
(lyr.), Eu. 539 (lyr.); Truth, Pi.P.8.71.3 Adverb. usages, duly, rightly,Il.
23.542, Pl.Criti. 112e;ἐν δίκᾳ Pi.O.6.12
, cf.S.Tr. 1069, etc.;σὺν δίκῃ Thgn.197
, Pi.P.9.96, A.Th. 444, etc.;κατὰ δίκην Hdt. 7.35
, E.Tr. 888, etc.;μετὰ δίκης Pl.Lg. 643e
;πρὸς δίκης S.OT 1014
, El. 1211 (but πρὸς δίκας on the score of justice, Id.OC 546 (lyr.));διαὶ δίκας A.Ch. 641
;ἐκ δίκης Herod.4.77
: opp.παρὰ δίκαν Pi.O.2.18
, etc.;ἄνευ δίκης A.Eu. 554
;πέρα δίκης Id.Pr.30
; (lyr.); δίχα δίκης without trial, Plu.Ages.32; πρὸ δίκης in preference to legal proceedings, Th.1.141.III judgement, δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν give judgement most righteously (cf. ἰθύς), Il.18.508: esp. in pl., ;περὶ οἶδε δίκας Od.3.244
, etc.;δίκαι σκολιαί Hes.Op. 219
, 250;κρῖνε εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.Eu. 433
.IV after Hom., of proceedings instituted to determine legal rights, hence,1 lawsuit, Pl.Euthphr.2a, D.18.210, etc.; prop. private suit or action, opp. γραφή (q. v.), Lys.1.44, etc.;ἐκαλοῦντο αἱ γραφαὶ δίκαι, οὐ μέντοι αἱ δίκαι καὶ γραφαί Poll.8.41
; οἱ δίκην ἔχοντες the parties to a suit, IG7.21.8 ([place name] Megara), cf. Plu.Cic. 17.2 trial of the case,πρὸ δίκης Is.5.10
, etc.;μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι Th.2.53
; court by which it was tried, .b δίκην εἰπεῖν to plead a cause, X.Mem.4.8.1;δ. μακρὰν λέγειν Ar.V. 776
, cf. Men.Epit.12.3 the object or consequence of the action, atonement, satisfaction, penalty, δίκην ἐκτίνειν, τίνειν, Hdt.9.94, S.Aj. 113: adverbially in acc.,τοῦ δίκην πάσχεις τάδε; A.Pr. 614
; freq. δίκην or δίκας διδόναι suffer punishment, i. e. make amends (but δίκας δ., in A.Supp. 703 (lyr.), to grant arbitration);δίκας διδόναι τινί τινος Hdt.1.2
, cf. 5.106; , etc.; also ἀντί or ὑπέρ τινος, Ar.Pl. 433, Lys.3.42; also δίκην διδόναι ὑπὸ θεῶν to be punished by.., Pl. Grg. 525b; but δίκας ἤθελον δοῦναι they consented to submit to trial, Th.1.28; δίκας λαμβάνειν sts. = δ. διδόναι, Hdt.1.115;δίκην ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανες E.Ba. 1312
, Heracl. 852; more freq. its correlative, inflict punishment, take vengeance, Lys.1.29, etc.;λαβεῖν δίκην παρά τινος D.21.92
, cf.9.2, etc.; so δίκην ἔχειν to have one's punishment, Antipho 3.4.9, Pl.R. 529c (but ἔχω τὴν δ. have satisfaction, Id.Ep. 319e;παρά τινος Hdt.1.45
); δίκας or δίκην ὑπέχειν stand trial, Id.2.118, cf. S. OT 552;δίκην παρασχεῖν E.Hipp.50
; θανάτου δίκην ὀφλεῖν ὑπό τινος to incur the death penalty, Pl.Ap. 39b;δίκας λαγχάνειν τινί D.21.78
; δίκης τυχεῖν παρά τινος ib.142; δίκην ὀφείλειν, ὀφλεῖν, Id.21.77, 47.63;ἐρήμην ὀφλεῖν τὴν δ. Antipho 5.13
; δίκην φεύγειν try to escape it, be the defendant in the trial (opp. διώκειν prosecute), D. 38.2; δίκας αἰτέειν demand satisfaction, τινός for a thing, Hdt.8.114;δ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί Id.1.120
; τινός for a thing, Antipho 4.1.5;δίκαι ἐπιφερόμεναι Arist.Pol. 1302b24
;δίκας ἀφιέναι τινί D.21.79
; δίκας ἑλεῖν, v. ἔρημος 11; δίκην τείσασθαι, v. τίνω 11;δὸς δὲ δίκην καὶ δέξο παρὰ Ζηνί h.Merc. 312
; δίκας διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ' ἀλλήλων, of communities, submit causes to trial, Hdt.5.83;δίκην δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ X.Ath.1.18
, etc.; δίκας δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι submit differences to a peaceful settlement, Th.5.59.V Pythag. name for three, Plu.2.381f, Theol.Ar.12; for five, ib.31. (Cf. Skt. diś-, diśā 'direction', 'quarter of the heavens'.) -
4 παρά
πᾰρά [pron. full] [ρᾰ], [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] παραί: shortd. [full] πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp. 553, S.Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. [dialect] Att., GDI5434.8 ([place name] Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.A beside: hence,A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:I of Place,πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744
;παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225
, etc.;παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197
;πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533
, etc.;δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194
;φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190
, cf. 21.173;σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473
; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th. 624.II commonly of Persons,1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc.,ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός Il.2.787
;παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70
, etc.;ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140
.ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13
;ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117
; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; soοἱ π. τινός Th.7.10
, Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.;ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5
, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.;ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20
;σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2
.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp. 219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5;παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3
; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like ,τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290
, 15.158;πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452
;ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76
;εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14
, cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El. 870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4;ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R. 406d
;κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx. 236e
: without Verb,ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27
: with Verbs of learning, etc.,μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104
, etc.4 with [voice] Pass. Verbs,πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122
;π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr. 245c
, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., Isoc.4.26;με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp. 175e
.III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near,πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62
, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant. 966 (lyr.);τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5
; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42.B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319;νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408
;ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565
; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346;π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773
;δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97
, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.;κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT 972
; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc.II of persons, beside,πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285
;κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556
, cf. 6.246, etc.;παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119
;δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243
; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il.4.367.2 at one's house or place, with one,μένειν π. τισί 9.427
;θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490
;φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627
; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86;παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15
;καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82
(butπαρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136
), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd. 64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT 612;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb. 29f
; ;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb. 29f
; also, in one's hands,τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6
;ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130
, etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98.3 before, in the presence of,ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154
; before a judge,δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9
;π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160
;π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65
;παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73
;εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13
: hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr. 589, E.Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg. 510e.4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18.III Arc., = π. c. gen., from,καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9
(Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,I beside, near, by,II along,III past, beyond.I beside, near, by:1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to,ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347
, cf. 8.220, etc.;βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34
, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.;ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51
, etc.;φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd. 59d
; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.;ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86
;καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17
.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases asἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406
, cf. 11.577), , cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.;π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122
;καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28
; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., Od.12.32, cf. 3.460;ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd. 271b
, cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46;παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2
, cf. Pl.Smp. 175c;ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly. 211a
, cf. R. 328c;στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd. 116c
;τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313
, cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45;τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90
;κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87
;τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140
.ά (v.l. ἐμοί); εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18
, cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr. 451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3;ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99
, cf. S.El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.);Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52
;τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3
, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112; (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.b [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of.., with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach. 759 (Megar.);τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18
(Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13;πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5
(Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in [dialect] Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with.., Pl. R. 465c.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc.,βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480
, etc.;τὸν δ' ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146
;τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117
, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; , cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib. 290.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with..,ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg. 475e
, cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a; ;ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete. 375a24
.b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1;π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a
; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence,c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (v.παραβάλλω A.
VII. 2);μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33
; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).5 Geom., parallel to.., Democr.155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al.6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av. 1240, Nu. 584.b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624;σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24
B.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority,δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160
, cf. 7.20, 103;ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23
, cf. 4.6;τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41
;π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14
;φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R. 584a
, cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.;εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332
([place name] Halae);προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34
(iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves)πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5
.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.);παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35
; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51;παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11
; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT 983, cf. Ant. 466; ;οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6
; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.).9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.);πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra. 643
; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA 757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2);ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28
; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA 582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 ([place name] Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο ([etym.] τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26;ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31
; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63;π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b
; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2;π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10
.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32;ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18
; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101;π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14
([place name] Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA 571a21;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26
;ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70
;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a
.c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ .. to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.).d throughout a period of time,π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46
;π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg. 733a
;π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10
; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156
;π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24
; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f.II along,ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558
;βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352
;π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21
;ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193
;π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148
; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc. 835;παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3
; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b.2 strictly according to, without deviating from,εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945
, cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.III past, beyond,παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145
, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12;βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425
; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., Ar.Av. 390.2 metaph., over and above, in addition to,οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698
;π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd. 74a
, cf.R. 337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16;ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e
.3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b29;π. τὴν δ. Id.Po. 1451b38
.4 metaph., in transgression or violation of,π. μοῖραν Od.14.509
;π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10
; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.;π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90
, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14;π. φύσιν Th.6.17
, cf. Pl.Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag. 899, S.Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69;π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77
, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', ' with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT 870 (lyr.); ; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205;π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37
; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59.b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph. 197a29
), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him),ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4; ;παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14
, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4;δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2
; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5;ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801
([place name] Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear ([etym.] ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies,τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2
(cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., Arist.HA 486b5;μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29
, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr. 65b6
, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); , cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224;παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2
, cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.;παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.
; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., Pl.Lg. 715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5;π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2
; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.);π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20
, cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of.., Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.).8 of a limit of possibility,εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239
; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av. 846.D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies,τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400
; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib. 191.F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op. 454, A.Pers. 167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El. 285, Ar.Ach. 862, etc.G IN COMPOS.,I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι ([etym.] εἶμι).II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.IV metaph.,2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.) -
5 καλός
καλός, ή, όν, [dialect] Aeol. [full] κάλος (v. infr.), α, ον, [dialect] Boeot. [full] καλϝός Schwyzer 538 (vi B. C.):—A beautiful, of outward form, freq. of persons,κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθεν Il.2.673
: in Hom. usu. in the phraseκ. τε μέγας τε Il.21.108
, al.; μέγας καὶ κ. Od.9.513;καλή τε μεγάλη τε 13.289
, 15.418; καλὸς δέμας beautiful of form, 17.307;κ. ἰδέᾳ Pi.O.10
(11). 103;εἶδος κάλλιστος X.Cyr.1.2.1
;κ. τὸ σῶμα Id.Mem.2.6.30
;τὰς ὄψεις Theopomp.Hist.195
; Χορῷ καλή beauteous in the dance, Il. 16.180: c. inf.,καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι Od.10.396
; ἐσορᾶν κ. Pi.O.8.19: freq. of parts of the body, fair, shapely, κ. πρόσωπα, ὅμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά, Il.19.285, 23.66, Od.19.208, Il.4.147;Χρώς 5.354
, al.; of clothes, εἵματα, φάρεα, Χιτών, Χλαῖνα, πέδιλα, Od.6.111, 24.277, Il.2.43, Od.10.365, 1.96; ; of arms and armour, κνημῖδες, ἀσπίς, σάκος, κόρυς, φάσγανα, ἔντεα, 3.331, 11.33, 22.314, 18.612, 15.713, Od.19.18; of buildings, manufactured articles, etc.,αὐλὴ κ. τε μεγάλη τε 14.7
; κ. δώματα, τεῖχος, πόλιες, 3.387, Il.21.447, 18.491; ἄμαξα, τράπεζα, θρόνος, 24.267, 11.629, Od.1.131; also τέμενος, ἀγρός, Il.12.314, Od.24.206; so after Hom.,Λύδιον κ. ἔργον Sapph.19
, etc.; ἐέρσα κ. ead.Supp.25.12.2 in [dialect] Att. added to a name in token of love or admiration, as Ἀρίσημος κ. IG12.921, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι τοίχοις ἔγραφ' Ἀθηναῖοι καλοί" Ar. Ach. 144, cf.V.98; Ἀλκιβιάδης ὁ καλός, Σαπφὼ ἡ καλή, Pl.Alc.1.113b, Phdr. 235c.c Καλοί, οἱ, divinities worshipped in childbirth, IG5(1).1445 (Messene, ii B. C.).3 τὸ καλόν beauty, Sapph.79, E.IA21 (anap.), etc.; τὰ καλά the proprieties or elegancies of life, Hdt.1.8, 207;ἁπάντων καλῶν ἄμμορος Pi.O.1.84
;αἱ τέχναι ἃς πηγάς φασι τῶν κ. εἶναι X.Cyr.7.2.13
.II with ref. to use, good, of fine quality,κ. λιμήν Od.6.263
; Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ.. καλῷ fair, 14.253, 299; κ. ἀργύριον, opp. κίβδηλον, genuine silver, X.Mem.3.1.9; opp. ἀποτετριμμένον, good silver currency, PCair.Zen.21.33 (iii B. C.);ἐλαῖαι PHib. 1.49.12
(iii B. C.);γῆ Ev.Luc.8.15
;κ. οἶνος PFay.133.8
(iv A. D.);στρατόπεδον κάλλιστον Th.5.60
;ἀνταπεδώκατε πονηρὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν LXX Ge. 44.4
;κ. ἐς στρατιάν X.Cyr.3.3.6
; , Grg. 474d, etc.: c. inf.,λόφος κάλλιστος τρέχειν X.An.4.8.26
; ἐν καλῷ [ τόπῳ] in a good place, καθίζεσθαι, ὁρμεῖν, Ar.Th. 292, X.HG2.1.25; ἐν καλῷ μὲν τοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῶν πόλεων, ἐν κ. δὲ τοῦ τὴν Χώραν βλάπτειν, ib.6.2.9; ἐν καλῷ under favourable circumstances, Th.5.59.60; ἐν κ. (sc. Χρόνῳ ) in good time, in season, E.IA 1106; ἐν οὐ κ. Id.Or. 579; ἐν καλῷ [ ἐστι] c. inf., S.El. 384 (so καλόν ἐστι c. inf., Id.Ph. 1155 (lyr.), Ar. Pax 278, Th.8.2);ἐς καλόν S.OT78
, Pl.Men. 89e, Smp. 174e; τί γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν καλόν; what is the good of life to me? Ph.2.594; καλῇ πίστει, = Lat.bona fide, PTeb.418.14 (iii A. D.).2 of sacrifices, auspicious, ; ;ἱερά Th.4.92
;τὸ τέλος κ. τῆς ἐξόδου X.An.5.2.9
;κ. τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.3.2.3
: c. inf.,ἰέναι.. κ. ἡμῖν τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν Id.An.2.2.3
: Com., τὰ τῆς πυγῆς κ. (for τοῦ θεοῦ) Ar. Pax 868.III in a moral sense, beautiful, noble, honourable, in Hom. only in neut.,οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες Od.8.166
, cf. 17.381;μεῖζον κλέος.. καὶ κάλλιον 18.255
; freq. καλόν [ ἐστι] c. inf.,κ. τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κ' ἐμὲ κήδῃ Il.9.615
; οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε κ. (sc. ἄρχειν) 21.440;οὐ κ. ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον Od.20.294
; so in Trag.,καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν S.Ant.72
, etc.;μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν LXXIs.1.17
: [comp] Comp.,οὐ μέν τοι τόδε κάλλιον οὐδὲ ἔοικε Od.7.159
, cf. Il.24.52; after Hom. freq. of actions, etc.,κάλων κἄσλων Sapph.Supp.2.4
(unless of persons here); κ. ἔργματα noble deeds, Pi.I.4(3).42, cf. S.Fr. 839, etc.; ἀναστροφὴ κ. 1 Ep.Pet.2.12: in pl., excellences,πλῆθος καλῶν Pi.O.13.45
; ; τὰ τοῦ παιδὸς κ. X.Smp.8.17.2 τὸ κ. moral beauty, virtue, honour, opp. τὸ αἰσχρόν, Id.Mem.1.1.16, cf. Pl.Smp. 183d, etc.;ὅττι καλόν, φίλον ἐστί, τὸ δ' οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλον ἐστίν Thgn.17
, cf. E.Ba. 881 (lyr.), Pl. Ly. 216c;οὐ ταὐτὸν ἡγῇ σύ, ὡς ἔοικας, κ. τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρόν Id.Grg. 474d
, cf. Smp. 201e; τοὐμὸν κ. E.Supp. 300.3 of persons, in early writers coupled with ἀγαθός, v. καλοκἀγαθός; laterκ. ποιμήν Ev.Jo.10.11
;κ. στρατιώτης
2 Ep.Tim.2.3
.IV in [dialect] Att. and Trag. freq. ironically, fine, specious, γέρας κ. A.Eu. 209;κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥστε θαυμάσαι S.El. 393
, cf. E.Ba. 652;κ. Χάρις D.9.65
;κ. ὕβριν ὑβρισμένοι Id.23.121
;καί σοι.. θωπεῦσαι καλόν S.OC 1003
;μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν Th.5.89
.B Degrees of [comp] Comp.: [comp] Comp. καλλίων, ον, Il.24.52, Od.10.396, etc.: neut. κάλιον [pron. full] [ᾰ] Alc.134: [comp] Sup. κάλλιστος, η, ον, Il.20.233, etc.; late καλλιώτερος or - ότερος, POxy.1672.6 (i A. D.), Sch.E. Tr. 966; alsoκαλώτερος Hdn.Epim.69
.C Adv.:—Poets freq. use neut. καλόν as Adv.,κ. ἀείδειν Il.18.570
, Od.1.155;καλά Il.6.326
; later τὸ κ. Theoc.3.3, 18, Call.Epigr.53, Herod.1.54.II regul. Adv. [full] καλῶς ([dialect] Dor. [full] καλώς Sophr.22), well, rightly,οὐδ' ἔτι κ. οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od.2.64
; κ. ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι, etc., S.Aj. 479, etc.; κ. φρονεῖν to be in one's right mind, Id.Fr. 836;οὐ κ. ταρβεῖς Id.Tr. 457
; κ. ἀγωνιεῖσθαι fairly, on the merits of the case, Lys.13.88; Χρήματα δατῆθθαι κ. Leg.Gort.4.39;κ. εἰρημένα S.Fr. 576.6
;κάλλιον λέγεις Pl.Tht. 161b
;κάλλιστ' ἂν εἴποι S.OT 1172
: freq. in phrase καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ, Pl.Prt. 319e, Prm. 128b, etc.2 of good fortune, well, happily, κ. πράσσειν, = εὖ π., A.Pr. 979, S.Ant. 271;κ. καὶ εὖ πράττειν Pl.Chrm. 172a
; κ. ἔχειν to be well, A.Th. 799, etc.;κ. ἔχει σοι Ar.Ach. 946
, cf. S.El. 816; κ. ἔχει c. inf., 'tis well to.., X.Mem.3.11.1: c. gen., κ. ἔχειν τινός to be well off in respect to a thing, Hp.Superf.29;κ. παράπλου κεῖσθαι Th.1.36
;εἰ κ. σφίσιν ἔχοι Id.4.117
;οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἔφη κ. ἔχειν, εἰ.. X.Mem.1.3.3
;καλλιόνως ἔχει Pl.Tht. 169e
, etc.;κάλλιστα ἕζει Id.Hp.Ma. 295b
.3 καλῶς, = πάνυ, thoroughly, altogether,τὸν κ. εὐδαίμονα A.Fr. 317
, = S. Fr. 934;κ. ἔξοιδα Id.OC 269
, cf. OT 1008;κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρθαι D.S.13.108
: [comp] Comp.,κάλλιον εἰδέναι Pl.Hp.Ma. 300d
; κάλλιον ἐοικέναι to be just like , Hp.Genit.8.5 κ. ποιῶν rightly, deservedly,κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.Pl. 863
, cf. D.1.28, al., Aeschin.3.232; in requests, κ. ποιήσεις πριάμενος, etc., PPetr.3p.143 (iii B. C.), etc.; also c. inf.,κ. π. γράψαι BGU1203.7
(i B. C.), etc.6 in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, well said! E.Or. 1216, D.39.15; also, to decline an offer courteously, no, thank you! Ar.Ra. 888;κ. ἔχει Antiph.165
, Men.Pk. 266; πάνυ κ. Ar.Ra. 512; ἀμέλει κ. ib. 532: [comp] Sup., κάλλιστ', ἐπαινῶ ib. 508;ἔχει κάλλιστα Theoc.15.3
.8 κ. ὁ ἱερεύς hurrah for the priest! SIG1109.14 (Athens, ii A. D.).9 repeated with the Adj.,καλὴ καλῶς Ar.Ach. 253
, Pax 1330, Ec. 730;καλὸς κάλλιστά τε ῥέξαις Pi.O.9.94
.10 [comp] Comp.καλλιόνως Pl.Tht.
l.c., Lg. 660d: [comp] Sup.καλλίστως PMag.Par.1.2443
,2465, Sch.E.Hec. 310.D for compds., v. καλλι-, καλο-.E Quantity: [pron. full] ᾱ in [dialect] Ep. and early Iamb. Poets (exc. h.Ven.29, Hes.Op.63, Th. 585): [pron. full] ᾰ in Lyr. (exc.κᾱλῶς B.12.206
) and Trag. (A. Fr. 314, S.Ph. 1381 are corrupt).--In Eleg., Epigr., and Bucol. Poets [pron. full] ᾰ or [pron. full] ᾱ (the latter usu. in thesi);τὰ μὴ κᾰλὰ κᾱλὰ πέφανται Theoc.6.19
, cf. Herod.7.115, Call.Jov.55.--In [comp] Comp., [pron. full] ῐ in Hom., [pron. full] ῑ in Trag. and later. -
6 αὐτός
Aαὐτόν Leg.Gort. 3.4
, al.), reflexive Pron., self:—in oblique cases used for the personal Pron., him, her, it:—with Art., ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same.I self, myself, thyself, etc., acc. to the person of the Verb: freq. joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (v. infr. 10),1 one's true self, the soul, not the body, Od.11.602; reversely, body, not soul, Il.1.4; oneself, as opp. others who are less prominent, as king to subject, 6.18; Zeus to other gods, 8.4; bird to young, 2.317; man to wife and children, Od.14.265; warrior to horses, Il.2.466, or to weapons, 1.47; shepherd to herd, Od.9.167, cf. Il.1.51; Trojans to allies, 11.220; seamen to ships, 7.338: generally, whole to parts, ib. 474; so laterἡ σίδη καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰ φύλλα Thphr.HP4.10.7
, cf. X.Ath.1.19, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.;αὐτή τε Μανδάνη καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα X.Cyr.1.3.1
;αὐ. τε καὶ τὰ ποιήματα βουλόμενος ἐπιδεῖξαι Pl.R. 398a
: abs., the Master, as in the Pythag. phrase Αὐτὸς ἔφα, Lat. Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος.. ;— Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Ar.Nu. 218; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν ib. 219;ἀνοιγέτω τις δώματ'· Αὐτὸς ἔρχεται
the Master,Id.
Fr. 268, cf. Pl.Prt. 314d, Thphr.Char.2.4, Men.Sam.41:αὐ. ἀϋτεῖ Theoc.24.50
: neut., αὐτὸ σημανεῖ the result will show, E.Ph. 623;αὐτὸ δηλώσει D.19.157
;αὐτὰ δηλοῖ Pl.Prt. 329b
; αὐτὸ διδάξει ib. 324a; esp.αὐτὸ δείξει Cratin. 177
, Pl.Hp.Ma. 288b, cf. Tht. 200e; in full,τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει τοὔργον S.Fr. 388
;τοὔργον τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει Ar.Lys. 375
; redupl., ; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., Il.13.615; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, Lys.12.12; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, X. An.4.7.7; ; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, Th.2.3; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, X.Mem. 4.5.7;αὐτὰ τὰ χρήσιμα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα D.H.Th.23
; even,οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης Il.6.451
; .—In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the Art. and Subst., or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Art. is sts. omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals,αὐτὸς Μένων X.An.2.1.5
; αὐτὸς βασιλεύς ib.1.7.11.2 of oneself, of one's own accord,ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτω Il.17.254
; ;καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ παυέσθων Od.2.168
;ἥξει γὰρ αὐτά S.OT 341
; also, in person,τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέον D.1.2
.3 by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Il.8.99; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ', i.e. without a mother, 5.880, cf. Hes.Th. 924; by himself,Hdt.
5.85; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, Ar.Ach. 504, cf. Th. 472, Pl.Prm. 137b, Herod.6.70, Plu.2.755c, Luc. DDeor.10.2;αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσι.. ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις X.An.2.3.7
;ἄνευ τοῦ σίτου τὸ ὄψον αὐτὸ ἐσθίειν Id.Mem.3.14.3
;τὸν τρίβωνα ὃν αὐτὸν φορεῖ Thphr.Char.22.13
(prob.); αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, Emp.21.13, al.: strengthd., αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος himself alone, Od.14.450; αὐτὸς μόνος, v. μόνος II; αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτόν, v. ἑαυτοῦ.4 in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea,δίκαιον αὐτό Pl.Phd. 65d
;αὐτὸ τὸ ἕν Id.Prm. 143a
, al., cf. Arist. Metaph. 997b8: neut., αὐτό is freq. in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders,οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεις Pl.R. 363a
; less freq. with Art.,τί ποτ' ἐστὶν αὐτὸ ἡ ἀρετή Id.Prt. 360e
; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ οὔ; Id.Smp. 199d; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, ibid.e: later, in compos., αὐτοαγαθόν, αὐτοάνθρωπος, etc. (q. v.), cf. Arist.Metaph. 1040b33; less freq. agreeing with the Subst., , etc.; doubled,ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος μανθάνειν αὐτήν τε αὐτήν, εἰ καλῶς εἴκασται
its very self,Id.
Cra. 439a.5 in dat. with Subst., in one, together, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, Il.9.194; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet and all, 14.498, cf. Od.13.118;αὐτῷ σὺν ἄγγει E. Ion 32
, cf. Hipp. 1213; also withoutσύν, αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαι Il.8.24
: so freq. in Prose and Poetry, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι men and all, Hdt.6.93; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies and all, A.Pr. 223 (lyr.); : with Art., ;αὐτοῖσι τοῖς πόρπαξι Ar.Eq. 849
, etc.;αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἵπποις κατακρημνισθῆναι X.Cyr.1.4.7
.6 added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i. e. himself with four others, Th.1.46, cf. 8.35, X.HG2.2.17, Apoc.17.11, etc.:— αὐτός always being the chief person.7 freq. coupled withοὗτος, τοῦτ' αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθέν Pl.Plt. 267c
, etc.;αὐτὸ τοῦτο μόνον Id.Grg. 500b
; alsoλεγόντων ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν.. αὐτὰ δὲ τάδε Th.1.139
;πόλεις ἄλλας τε καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ Βυζάντιον X.An.7.1.27
; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα .. Pl.Prt. 310e.9 repeated in apodosi for emphasis,αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν.. αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσεν Lys.12.68
, cf. A.Fr. 350, X.An.3.2.4.10 in connexion with the person. Pron.,ἐγὼν αὐτός Od.2.194
;σέθεν αὐτοῦ Il.23.312
;νωΐτερον αὐτῶν 15.39
(always divisim in Hom.); folld. by an enclit. Pron.,αὐτόν μιν Od.4.244
; soαὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ Προμηθέως A.Pr.86
; alsoαὐτὸς ἔγωγε Pl.Phd. 59b
, etc.:— after Hom. in the oblique cases αὐτός coalesces with the Pron., ἐμαυτοῦ, σεαυτοῦ (these not in Alc. or Sapph., A.D.Pron.80.10 sqq.), ἑαυτοῦ, etc. (q. v.).b with person. Pron. omitted, αὐτός.. ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός, Il.13.252; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν, 24.503;αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσιν Od.10.27
; in 2.33 οἱ αὐτῷ is simply a strengthd. form of οἱ; and so in [dialect] Att., when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτός generally precedes the person. Pron., cf. X.Cyr.6.2.25 with 6.1.14.c with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness,αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτοῦ A.Th. 406
; αὐτοὶ ὑφ' αὑτῶν ib. 194;αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτούς X.Mem.3.5.4
;αὐτὸ καθ' αὑτό Pl.Tht. 201e
; sts. between the Art. and reflex. Pron., , cf. Pr. 762; : also κατ' αὐτὺ ([dialect] Boeot. for αὐτοὶ)αὐτῶν IG7.3172.121
(Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.).d αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possess. Pron.,πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ' ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ Il.6.446
;θρῆνον.. ἐμὸν τὸν αὐτῆς A.Ag. 1323
; ; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ ib. 1248; ;τοῖς ἡμετέροις αὐτῶν φίλοις X.An. 7.1.29
.e αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. Adj.,αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστερος Hdt.2.25
;τῇ εὐρυτάτη ἐστὶ αὐτὴ ἑωυτῆς Id.1.203
.11 αὐτός for ὁ αὐτός, the same, Il.12.225, Od.8.107, 16.138, Pi.N.5.1 (never in Trag.), and in later Prose,αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις IG 14.966
(ii A. D.), cf. Ev.Luc.23.12.12 [comp] Comp.αὐτότερος Epich.5
: [comp] Sup. his very self,Ar.
Pl.83: neut. pl. αὐτότατα dub. in Phld.Piet.80. Adv., [comp] Comp.αὐτοτέρως Gal.18(2).431
.II he, she, it, for the simple Pron. of 3 pers., only in oblique cases (exc. in later Gk., Ev.Luc.4.15, etc.), and rarely first in a sentence, Pl.La. 194e, and later, Ep.Eph.2.10, etc.: rare in [dialect] Ep., Il. 12.204 (where Hdn. treated it as enclitic), and mostly emphatic, ib.14.457, Od.16.388; so in Trag., E.Hel. 421: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence,ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα.. οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαι X.An.2.4.7
;πειράσομαι τῷ πάππῳ.. συμμαχεῖν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.1.3.15
;ἄνδρα δὴ.. εἰ ἀφίκοιτο εἰς τὴν πόλιν, προσκυνοῖμεν ἂν αὐτόν Pl.R. 398a
; after a Relative,ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται.. ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il.1.218
;οὓς μὴ εὕρισκον, κενοτάφιον αὐτοῖς ἐποίησαν X.An.6
. 4.9, cf. 1.9.29; esp. where a second Verb requires a change of case in the Pron.,οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι.. ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναι Id.An.2.5.27
;ἐκεῖνοι οἷς οὐκ ἐχαρίζονθ' οἱ λέγοντες οὐδ' ἐφίλουν αὐτούς D.3.24
; in subdivisions,ὅσοι.. οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν.. X.Cyr.1.1.1
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 168e; later, pleonastically after a Relative,ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν Call.Epigr.43
, cf. Ev.Luc.3.16, Apoc.7.2, etc.: in S.Ph. 316 αὐτοῖς is emphatic 'in their own persons'.III with Art. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and [dialect] Att. [var] contr. αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre, cf. S.OT 734 with 325, and in Prose to avoid hiatus): gen. ταὐτοῦ, dat. ταὐτῷ, pl. neut. ταὐτά; [dialect] Ion. ὡυτός, τὠυτό:—the very one, the same, rare in Hom., Il. 6.391, Od.7.55, 326;ὁ αὐ. εἰμι τῇ γνώμῃ Th.3.38
, cf. 5.75;ἐπὶ τὸ αὐ. αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Id.1.79
: c. dat., to denote sameness or agreement, esp. in Prose,τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομεν Hdt.4.119
; ; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ the same as the stone, Pl. Euthd. 298a; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be in the place with.., X.An.3.1.27; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person meet one, ib.30, cf. A.Ch. 210;κατὰ ταὐτὰ τῷ Νείλῳ Hdt.2.20
;τῇ αὐτῇ.. καί Id.4.109
; ;ὁ αὐτός.. ὥσπερ Pl.Phd. 86a
; face to face,Jul.
Or.2.5a0.2 in later Greek, the said, the above-named,Ἡρώδης ὁ αὐ. PLille23.8
(iii B. C.), etc.IV Adverbial phrases:1 simply, merely,Ph.
2.252, etc.;αὐ. μόνον ἐργάτης Luc.Somn.9
;αὐ. μόνον τὸ ὄνομα τῆς φωνῆς A.D.Synt.22.20
.3 αὐτὸ τοῦτο as Adv., PGrenf.1.114 (ii B. C.), 2 Ep.Pet. 1.5;τῆς αὐτὸ τοῦτο κινουμένης σφαίρας Iamb. Comm.Math.17
.4 with Preps., added together, making a total,PLond.
2.196.37 (ii A. D.); together, at the same time,Act.Ap.
14.1, etc.; but just then,Hdn.
1.12.3.V In Compos.:1 of or by oneself, self-.., as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτογνώμων, αὐτόματος: and so, independently, as in αὐτοκράτωρ, αὐτόνομος.2 hence, as a second self, very.., bodily, as with proper names, Αὐτοθαΐς.3 in the abstract, the ideal, v. supr.1.4.4 precisely, as in αὐτόδεκα.5 rarely with reflex. sense of ἀλλήλων, as in αὐτοκτονέω.6 in one piece with, together with, as in αὐτόκωπος, αὐτοχείλης, αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος.7 by itself: hence, only, as in αὐτόξυλος, αὐτόποκος.—For αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶς, etc., v. the respective Arts. -
7 μὴ οὐ
μὴ οὐ is used of an apprehended neg.:I with finite forms of the Verb, after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf.μή B. 8
):a mostly with subj., , cf. Hdt.6.9, Th.3.53,57, Pl.Men. 89d, etc.: after hist. tenses, with opt.,ἠθύμησάν τινες ἐννοούμενοι μὴ οὐκ ἔχοιεν ὁπόθεν λαμβάνοιεν X.An. 3.5.3
, etc.: with [tense] fut. opt. representing [tense] fut. ind. in orat. obliq.,μὴ οὐκ ὀρθῶς αὐτὸ ποιήσοις Pl.Euthphr. 15d
.b with ind., , cf. Pl.La. 196c, Alc.2.139d.2 without introductory Verb, with subj.,μή νύ τοι οὐ χραίσμῃ Il.1.28
, cf. 566, E.Tr. 982; also to suggest hesitation, perhaps (cf.μή B. 9
),μὴ οὐ τοῦτο ᾖ τὸ χρηστήριον Hdt.5.79
, cf. Pl.Phd. 67b, Smp. 194c, 214c, etc.: also with ind., μὴ τοῦτο οὐ καλῶς ὡμολογήσαμεν Id.Men. 89c.3 μή is sts. doubled, irregularly, forμὴ οὐ, ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴτις.. φοβοῖτο, μὴ ὁ γενόμενος καλὸς κἀγαθὸς.. μὴ τὴν μεγίστην χάριν ἔχοι X.Mem.1.2.7
, cf. Th.2.13.II after a neg. expressed or implied:1 c. inf.,a after Verbs of hindering, denying, avoiding, needing, when these Verbs are themselves negatived or questioned, οὐκέτι ἀνεβάλλοντο μὴ οὐ τὸ πᾶν μηχανήσασθαι they no longer hesitated to try every expedient, Hdt.6.88, cf. 8.100, 119; τί δῆτα μέλλεις μὴ οὐ γεγωνίσκειν; A.Pr. 627, cf. S.Aj. 540, Ar.Ach. 320, X.Cyr.1.4.2, 4.3.8, Pl.Euthd. 304c, D.24.24;οὐκ ἀνατίθεμαι μὴ οὐ καλῶς λέγεσθαι Pl. Men. 89d
, cf. Phd. 87a;πολλοῦ δέω μὴ οὐ δύο γε φεύγειν Id.Euthd. 297b
; τίνος ἐνδέομεν μὴ οὐ πανσυδίᾳ χωρεῖν; E.Tr. 797 (anap.); after ὥστε, Hdt.8.57: with the Art., , cf. 918, S.OT 283, E.Ph. 1176;αὐτὴν οὐ μισοῦντ' ἐκείνην τὴν πόλιν τὸ μὴ οὐ μεγάλην εἶναι Ar.Av.37
; τοῖς θεοῖς οὐδὲν ἂν ἔχοιμεν μέμψασθαι τὸ μὴ οὐχί .. X.Cyr.7.5.42, cf. Pl.Phlb. 13a, etc.; cf.μή B. 5b
.b after Verbs and phrases signifying impossibility, impropriety, reluctance, when not negatived,ἄνδρα δ' οὐκ ἔστι μὴ οὐ κακὸν ἔμμεναι Simon.5.10
;δεινὸν ἐδόκεε εἶναι μὴ οὐ λαβεῖν Hdt.1.187
; , cf. 3.51, 7.5; , cf. Th.8.60;αἰσχύνη ἦν μὴ οὐ συσπουδάζειν X.An.2.3.11
;αἰσχρόν ἐστι μὴ οὐκ ἄλλας πληγὰς ἐμβάλλειν τῷ υἱεῖ Id.Lac.6.2
; οὐδεὶς οἷός τ' ἐστὶν ἄλλως λέγων μὴ οὐ ( nemo potest non)καταγέλαστος εἶναι Pl.Grg. 509a
: after an implied neg.,μὴ οὐχὶ παντὶ τρόπῳ ἐλέγχειν μαλθακοῦ εἶναι ἀνδρός Id.Phd. 85c
;μόνῃ τῇ μορφῇ μὴ οὐχὶ πρόβατα εἶναι διαφερόντων Luc.Alex.15
; after ὥστε, E.Fr. 1068, X.Ath.3.8; μή and μὴ οὐκ in consecutive clauses, Id.Ap.34: with the Art.,οὐκ ἀνέξομαι τὸ μὴ οὐ.. τιμᾶν A.Eu. 914
; οὐδείς γέ μ' ἂν πείσειεν.. τὸ μὴ οὐ .. Ar.Ra.68, cf. X.HG5.2.36.2 less freq. c. part. after a neg. expressed or implied,οὔκων δίκαιον [ἀνδριάντα] ἱστάναι.. μὴ οὐκ ὑπερβαλλόμενον τοῖσι ἔργοισι Hdt.2.110
, cf. 6.9, 106;δυσάλγητος γὰρ ἂν εἴην τοιάνδε μὴ οὐ κατοικτείρων ἕδραν S.OT13
, cf. 221, OC 360, Isoc.10.47 (dub. l.), Pl.Ly. 212d, Philem. 213.5: hence3 = εἰ μή, except,πόλεις.. χαλεπαὶ λαβεῖν, μὴ οὐ χρόνῳ καὶ πολιορκίᾳ D.19.123
. -
8 χαλεπός
A difficult (ὃ ἂν μὴ ῥᾴδιον ᾖ ἀλλὰ διὰ πολλῶν πραγμάτων γίγνηται Pl.Prt. 341d
: opp. ῥᾴδιος, Arist.Rh. 1363a24, in various relations):I in reference to the feelings, hard to bear, painful, grievous (so freq. in Hom.),κεραυνός Il.14.417
;θύελλα 21.335
;ἄνεμοι Od.12.286
;πόνος 23.250
; ἄλγος, πένθος, 2.193, 6.169;γῆρας Il.8.103
;ἄλη Od.10.464
;χαλεπώτερος ἄεθλος Hes.Th. 800
; ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων - ώτερα Hdt.6.40;χ. πνεῦμα A.Supp. 166
(lyr.); (lyr.); χαλεπώτατα [πράγματα] S.Tr. 1273 (anap.); (lyr.); νόσος, πλάνη, etc., X.Smp.4.37, Pl.Sph. 245e ([comp] Comp.), etc.; ; [θώρακες] δύσφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, X.Mem.3.10.13: τὸ χ. τοῦ πνεύματος the severity of the wind, Id.An.4.5.4; τὰ χ. hardships, opp. τὰ τερπνά, Id.Mem.2.1.23, etc.;τερπνῶν χαλεπῶν τε κρίσις Pi.Fr. 131
, cf. Plot.5.9.14: [comp] Comp., more unpleasant, Jul.Or.6.202c.2 hard to do or deal with, difficult, irksome,- ώτατον ἔργον ἁπάντων Ar.Eq. 516
(anap.); cf. Th.3.59 ([comp] Sup.), etc.; χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά prov. ap.Pl.Hp.Ma. 304e, al., attributed to Solon by Sch. ad loc.;χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος X.Mem.2.9.1
, cf. Pl.Plt. 299e: c. inf. [voice] Act. or [voice] Med., χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι, = χαλεπόν ἐστί μοι ἀντιφέρεσθαί σοι, Il.21.482; ; χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν [τὸ μῶλυ] Od.10.305;χ. προϊδέσθαι καπρός Hes.Sc. 386
;χ. ἔρις ἀνθρώποις ὁμιλεῖν κρεσσόνων Pi.N.10.72
;χ. προσπολεμεῖν Isoc.4.138
, cf. Th.7.51 ([comp] Comp.); χ. συγγενέσθαι, εὑρεῖν, γενέσθαι, Pl.R. 330c, 412b, 502c;χ. πάσχειν Id.Cri. 49b
([comp] Comp.): also c. inf. [voice] Pass., , cf. Th. 3.94, etc.;χαλεπὸν ληφθῆναι ὁ τόπος Arist.Ph. 212a8
; χαλεπόν [ἐστι] c. inf., 'tis hard, difficult to do, Od.4.651; c. acc. et inf., 'tis difficult for one to do.., Il.16.620, Od.20.313: c. dat. et inf., Il.21.184, Od.11.156.4 of ground, difficult, rugged,χωρία χ. καὶ πετρώδη Th.4.9
;ὁδός Id.5.58
, Pl.R. 328e;χ... καὶ προσάντης.. ὁδός ἐστιν Anaxandr.56
;πρόσοδοι X.An.5.2.3
; πορεία ib.5.6.10; σταθμός ib.4.5.3; χωρίον -ώτατον a place most difficult to take, ib.4.8.2.II of persons, hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern (opp. πρᾷος, Pl.R. 493b ([comp] Sup.), Arist.EN 1126a26), βασιλεύς, δαίμων, Od.2.232, 19.201;χαλεποί τε καὶ ἄγριοι 8.575
;- ώτερος
a more bitter enemy,Th.
3.40; - ώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, ib.42, cf. 7.21;- ώτεροι πάροικοι Id.3.113
;χαλεπόν γε θυγάτηρ κτῆμα Men.18
: c. dat. pers., cruel or harsh towards one, Od.17.388; , etc.; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας, Pl.R. 375c, Arist.Pol. 1328a8 (alsoπρὸς τοὺς δρόμους X.Cyn.5.17
);ἐπὶ νύμφαις ἀλλοτρίαις Theoc. 22.145
.b of words,χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ Il.2.245
, etc.;ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ μύθοισιν χ. Od.17.395
; χ. ὀνείδεα, ὁμοκλαί, Il.3.438, Od.17.189;φῆμις 14.239
;μῆνις Il.5.178
.c esp. of judges,ἦν τὸ δίκαιον φυλάσσων χ. Hdt. 1.100
, cf. Pl.Criti. 107d, And.4.36; alsoχ. ἀρχή Th.1.77
; ([comp] Comp.); ([comp] Comp.), D.21.44, 35.50.d savage, fierce,κύνες X.An.5.8.24
, Cyn.10.23; of bees, Arist.HA 624b30 ([comp] Comp.); [θηρία] χ. τὰς φύσεις Pl.Plt. 274b
.2 ill-tempered, testy,χ. ὢν καὶ δύσκολος Ar.V. 942
, cf. Isoc.19.26;ὀργὴν χ. Hdt.3.131
; χαλεπῇ τῇ χειρί with a rough hand, Ar.Lys. 1116.3 of plants, hurtful to the soil, Thphr.HP8.9.3 ([comp] Sup.).B Adv. - πῶς hardly, with difficulty,διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424
;χ. δέ σ' ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν 20.186
;χ. κε φύγοις κακόν Hes.Op. 684
;χ. ὀργὰς μεταβάλλουσιν E.Med. 121
(anap.);χ. γνῶναι Antipho 3.2.1
;τὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις χ. εὑρημένα ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν Isoc.1.18
, cf. 44; οὐ or μὴ χ. without much ado, Th.1.2, 7.81, etc.2 hardly, scarcely,δοκέω.. χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρσῃσι μάχεσθαι Hdt.7.103
;χ. παρὰ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς εὑρεθήσεται Lys.29.2
;χ. ἂν πείσαιμι Pl.Phd. 84d
.3 χ. ἔχει, = χαλεπόν ἐστι, Th.3.53: c. acc. et inf., X.HG 7.4.6.II of persons, angrily, cruelly, harshly,χ. τιμωρεῖσθαι Id.3.46
;ἀποκρίνασθαι Id.5.42
, cf. E.Hipp. 203 (anap.), Ar.Pl.60, Pl.Phdr. 269b; χ. φέρειν τι take it ill, Th.2.16, Pl.R. 330a, etc.; also χ. ἔφερον τῷ πολέμῳ, τοῖς πράγμασιν, X.HG5.1.29, An. 1.3.3;ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ Id.HG7.4.21
, cf. D.H.3.50; alsoχ. φέρειν τινός Th.2.62
; alsoχ. λαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ παιδός Hdt.2.121
.δ; χ. λαμβάνειν περί τινος Th.6.61
; of the laws (cf. supr. 11.1c),χ. προστάττειν Pl.Lg. 925d
.2 freq. in the phrase χ. ἔχειν to be angry, X.An.6.4.16, etc.; τινι with one, Id.HG1.5.16;πρὸς τοὺς λόγους Isoc.3.3
, cf. 51; χ. ἔχειν τισὶν ἐπί τινι with persons for a thing, D.20.135, cf. Plu.Cic.43;χ. διακεῖσθαι πρὸς ἅπαντας Isoc.Ep. 7.5
;χ. πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν διακεῖσθαι Pl.R. 500b
;χ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς διετέθησαν Isoc.8.79
;ἐπί τινι χ. διατεθείς Plu.Per.36
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαλεπός
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9 χρεών
χρεών, [dialect] Ion. [full] χρεόν (the form best attested in Parm.8.45 and Hdt.); also [full] χρειών, Democr.55, τό: gen.A , HF21, but little used save in nom. and acc.:—that which must be,κατὰ τὸ χ. Anaximand.1
(Diels Vorsokr.5);τὴν μοῖραν εἰς τὸ μὴ χ. παραστρέφων E.Fr.491.3
;χ. τοῦ χρησμοῦ Plu.Nic.14
.II necessity, fate,ἥ τε ἡλικία καὶ τὸ χ. Pl.Phdr. 255a
;μοίρας τοῦ χρεών τ' ἀπαλλαγή E.Hipp. 1256
;εἰς τὸ χ. ἰέναι Pl.Ax. 364c
; ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸ χ., εἰς τὸ χ. ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι, Str.1.3.21, J.AJ7.15.1; οἱ τὴν εἰς τὸ χ. πορευόμενοι (cj. for ποιούμενοι), v. l. τῶν εἰς τὸ χ. ὁδευόντων, Plu.2.113c;τό τοι χρεὼν οὐκ ἔστι μὴ χρεὼν ποιεῖν Trag.Adesp.368
;ὅ τι γὰρ μὴ χ. οὔτοι χ. παθεῖν E. Ba. 515
; [Ἀλέξανδρον] τὸ χ. ἐν Βαβυλῶνι κατέλαβε Jul.Or.3.107c
.2 mostly in the phrase χρεών (sc. ἐστι), like χρή, it is necessary, c. inf., Thgn.564, A.Ag. 922, S.OT 633, Democr. l. c., etc.: c. acc. et inf., Pi.P.2.52, Hdt.1.41,57, 2.133, A.Pr. 772, 970, al., S.Ph. 1439, Ar. Eq. 138, Th.5.49;τὸ χ. γενέσθαι Hdt.7.17
.3 sts. as a neut. part. (like ἐξόν, etc.), it being necessary, since it was necessary, Id.5.50.III less freq., that which is expedient or right,ὅρκον δ' οὔτ' ἄδικον χ. ἔμμεναι οὔτε δίκαιον Choeril.7
; (lyr.);μητέρ' εἰ χ. ταύτην προσαυδᾶν Id.El. 273
, cf. 983, Ar.Nu. 1446(lyr.), etc.; with the Art.,ἔκανες ὃν οὐ χρῆν, καὶ τὸ μὴ χ. πάθε A.
Ch..930: abs. in part., ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χ. ἄρχοιτε ye would rule unrightfully, Th.3.40.—In Trag. χρεών ( = χρή ) appears without ἐστί or ἦν; in Ar. and Prose the verb is more commonly added, but not in Ar.Nu. l. c., Pl.Sph. 220d, Criti. 107b, al.IV as Adj.,τῷ χ. πόσει E.Fr. 501
. (Not in Hom. or Hes., Od.15.201 being f. l. for χρεώ.) [In Poets χρεών is sts. monosyll., as in Choeril. l. c., Parm.4.5, al.; outside of hexameters prob. always disyll., since χρή can be restored in E.IT 1486, Fr.733.3.] (From χρεώ, with addition of ν from the synonym δέον; when used as part. abs., as in Sol.Fr.34.6, Th.3.40, from χρεὼ ὄν.) -
10 ὅσιος
A hallowed, i. e. sanctioned or allowed by the law of God or of nature,δίκη Thgn.132
; (lyr.) ; (anap.);καθαρμοί E.Ba.77
(lyr.); ; οὐχ ὅ. unhallowed, (lyr.) ; (lyr.); (anap.).—The sense of ὅσιος often depends on its relation on the one hand to δίκαιος (sanctioned by human law), on the other to ἱερός ( sacred to the gods):1 opp. δίκαιος, sanctioned by divine law, hallowed, holy (μόριον τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ὅ. Pl.Euthphr. 12d
),δικαιότερον καὶ ὁσιώτερον καὶ πρὸς θεῶν καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων Antipho 1.25
;τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους δίκαια καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς ὅ. Plb.22.10.8
: hence, in a common antithesis, τὰ δίκαια καὶ ὅ. things of human and divine ordinance, Pl. Plt. 301d, etc., cf. Euthphr.6e ; alsoὅ. καὶ νόμιμα Ar.Th. 676
(lyr.);οὐ.. νόμιμον οὐδ' ὅ. ἂν εἴη Pl.Lg. 861d
; θεοὺς ὅσιόν τι δρᾶν discharge a duty men owe the gods, E.Supp.40, cf. Hipp. 1081 ; τὸ ὅσιον, = εὐσέβεια, Pl.Euthphr.5d: in an imprecatory formula,ἀποδοῦσι μὲν αὐτοῖς ὅσια ᾖ, μὴ ἀποδοῦσι δὲ ἀνόσια SIG1199
([place name] Cnidus), cf.ἀνοσία 11
; so ὅ. καὶ ἐλεύθερα ib.1180.6 (ibid.).2 opp. ἱερός, permitted or not forbidden by divine law, profane, ἱερὰ καὶ ὅ. things sacred and profane,ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν ἐτράποντο καὶ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁ. ὁμοίως Th.2.52
, cf. Pl.R. 344a, Lg. 857b, etc. ; κοσμεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὁ. with sacred and profane buildings, Isoc.7.66 ;τῶν ἱερῶν μὲν χρημάτων τοὺς θεούς, τῶν ὁ. δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἀποστερεῖ D.24.9
;ἀργυρίου ὁσίου IG12.186.13
;ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. προσόδων OGI229.58
(Smyrna, iii B. C.);ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. Supp.Epigr.1.366.58
(Samos, iii B. C.); ὅ. χωρίον a lawful place (for giving birth to a child), Ar.Lys. 743 ; ὅσιόν ἐστι folld. by inf., it is lawful, not forbidden by any law, E.IT 1045, etc.; nefas est,Hdt.
6.81; οὐκ ὅσιον ποιεῦμαι I deem it impious, Id.2.170, cf. D.Ep.5.3 ; οὐδὲ ὅσια (sc. ἐστι).. ;οὐ γάρ σοι θέμις οὐδ' ὅσιον.. ἱστάναι κτερίσματα S.El. 432
;ὅσια ποιέειν Hdt.6.86
.α';λέγειν Id.9.79
; ; (lyr.).II of persons, pious, devout, religious,ἄνδρες A.Supp.27
(anap.), cf. E.Med. 850 (lyr.), etc.;Παλλάδος ὁ. πόλις Id.El. 1320
(anap.); ὅ. θιασῶται, μύσται, Ar.Ra. 327, 336 (both lyr.);ἐμαυτὸν ὅ. καὶ δίκαιον παρέχειν Antipho 2.2.2
;ὅσιοι πρὸς οὐ δικαίους ἱστάμεθα Th.5.104
; opp. ἀνόσιος, E.Or. 547; opp. ἐπίορκος, X.An.2.6.25 ; ὅσιος εἴς τινα, περὶ ξένους, E.Heracl. 719, Cyc. 125 ;πρὸς τοὺς τοκέας Gorg.6
.2 sinless, pure,ἐξ ὁ. στομάτων Emp.4.2
; ὅ. ἔστω καὶ εὐαγής Lex Solonis ap.And.1.96: c. gen., ἱερῶν πατρῴων ὅσιος in regard to the sacred rites of his forefathers, A.Th. 1015; (lyr.); also ὅσιαι χέρες pure, clean hands, A.Ch. 378 (anap.), cf. S.OC 470.3 rarely of the gods, holy, Orph.H.77.2 ;θεοῖς ὁ. καὶ δικαίοις CIG3830
([place name] Cotyaeum), cf. 3594 (Alexandria Troas).4 title of five special priests at Delphi, Plu.2.292d, 365a.III Adv. , etc.;ὁ. οὔχ, ὑπ' ἀνάγκας δέ E.Supp.63
(lyr.);οὐχ ὁ. Id.Hipp. 1287
(anap.), cf. Th.2.5 (v. l.);καλῶς καὶ ὁ. Pl.Phd. 113d
;δικαίως καὶ ὁ. Id.R. 331a
;ὁ. καὶ κατὰ νόμον Id.Lg. 799b
; ὁ. ἂν ὑμῖν ἔχοι τοῦτον θύειν.. it would be right for you that he should.., X.Cyr.8.5.26 : c. part., ὁ. ἂν ἔχοι αὐτῷ μὴ δεχομένῳ .. Id.HG4.7.2 : [comp] Comp. , etc.: [comp] Sup.,ὡς -ώτατα διαβιῶναι τὸν βίον Pl.Men. 81b
, etc. (Not in Hom., who has only Subst. ὁσίη, v. ὁσία.) -
11 δικαιοσύνη
δικαιοσύνη, ης, ἡ (s. δίκαιος; Theognis, Hdt.+) gener. the quality of being upright. Theognis 1, 147 defines δ. as the sum of all ἀρετή; acc. to Demosth. (20, 165) it is the opp. of κακία. A strict classification of δ. in the NT is complicated by freq. interplay of abstract and concrete aspects drawn from OT and Gr-Rom. cultures, in which a sense of equitableness combines with awareness of responsibility within a social context.① the quality, state, or practice of judicial responsibility w. focus on fairness, justice, equitableness, fairnessⓐ of human beings (a common theme in honorary ins, e.g. IPriene 71, 14f; 22f of a judge named Alexis; Danker, Benefactor 346–48; cp. Aristot., EN 5, 1, 8, 1129a τὸ μὲν δίκαιον ἄρα τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον ‘uprightness consists of that which is lawful and fair’; Ath. 34:2 ἔστι δὲ δ. ἴσα ἴσοις ἀμείβειν ‘uprightness means to answer like with like’; for association of δ. with judgment s. also Diog. L. 3, 79; in contexts of praise δ. suggests authority involving juridical responsibility FX 7, ’81, 255 n. 229) δ. κρίσεως ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος uprightness is the beginning and end of judgment B 1:6. Melchizedek as βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης Hb 7:2. ἐργάζεσθαι δικαιοσύνην administer justice Hb 11:33; κρίνειν ἐν δ. (Ps 71:2f; 95:13; Sir 45:26; PsSol 8:24) judge justly Ac 17:31, cp. Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. line 5 in N. app.); Ro 9:28 v.l. (Is 10:22). ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δ. practice justice and uprightness 1 Cl 13:1 (Jer 9:23). καθιστάναι τοὺς ἐπισκοπούς ἐν δ. appoint overseers in uprightness= who will serve justly 1 Cl 42:5 (Is 60:17). David rejoices in God’s δ. 1 Cl 18:15 (Ps 50:16; s. ἀγαλλιάω, end).ⓑ of transcendent figures (Pla. τὴν δ. θεοῦ νόμον ὑπελάμβανεν ‘considered divine justice [i.e. apportionment of reward or retribution in accordance with behavior] a principle’ or ‘system’ that served as a deterrent of crime Diog. L. 3, 79). Of an apocalyptic horseman ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρινεῖ Rv 19:11.② quality or state of juridical correctness with focus on redemptive action, righteousness. Equitableness is esp. associated w. God (cp. Paradoxogr. Vat. 43 Keller αἰτεῖται παρὰ τ. θεῶν οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν δικαιοσύνης), and in our lit. freq. in connection w. exercise of executive privilege in conferring a benefit. Hence God’s δ. can be the opposite of condemnation 2 Cor 3:9 (s. below); in it God is revealed as judge Rom 3:5—in contrast to human wrath, which beclouds judgment—displaying judicial integrity 3:25 (on this pass. s. also below). Cp. ἐκάλεσά σε ἐν δ. B 14:7 (Is 42:6). Also of equitable privilege allotted by God 2 Pt 1:1.—In Pauline thought the intimate association of God’s interest in retaining a reputation for justice that rewards goodness and requites evil, while at the same time working out a plan of salvation for all humanity, complicates classification of his use of δικαιοσύνη. On the one hand, God’s δ. is pardoning action, and on the other a way of sharing God’s character with believers, who then exhibit righteousness in the moral sense. God achieves this objective through exercise of executive privilege in dispensing justice equitably without reference to νόμος by making salvation available to all humanity (which shares a common problem of liability to wrath by being unanimously in revolt against God Ro 3:9–18, 23) through faith in God’s action in Jesus Christ. The genitival constr. δ. θεοῦ accents the uniqueness of this δ.: Ro 1:17; 3:21f, 25, 26 (s. these pass. also below; Reumann, 3c end); 10:3, and δ. alone 5:21; 9:30 (3 times); 2 Cor 3:9 (opp. κατάκρισις; cp. Dg 9:3; 5). 2 Cor 5:21 may belong here if δ. is viewed as abstract for concrete=δικαιωθέντες (but s. below). All these refer to righteousness bestowed by God cp. ἡ δωρεὰ τῆς δ. Ro 5:17, also 1 Cor 1:30 (sim. 1QS 11, 9–15; 1QH 4, 30–37). In this area it closely approximates salvation (cp. Is 46:13; 51:5 and s. NSnaith, Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 207–22, esp. 218–22; EKäsemann, ZTK 58, ’61, 367–78 [against him RBultmann, JBL 83, ’64, 12–16]). According to some interpreters hunger and thirst for uprightness Mt 5:6 perh. offers (but s. 3a below) a related eschatological sense (‘Kingdom of God’, FNötscher, Biblica 31, ’50, 237–41=Vom A zum NT, ’62, 226–30).—Keeping the law cannot bring about uprightness Ro 3:21; Gal 2:21; 3:21, because δ. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου uprightness based on the law Ro 10:5 (cp. 9:30f), as ἰδία δ. one’s own (self-made) upr. 10:3, is impossible. God’s δ. without ref. to νόμος is to be apprehended by faith Ro 1:17; 3:22, 26; 4:3ff, 13; 9:30; 10:4, 6, 10 (cp. Hb 11:7 ἡ κατὰ πίστιν δ. righteousness based on faith; s. B-D-F §224, 1), for which reason faith is ‘calculated as righteousness’ (Gen 15:6; Ps 105:31; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3, 5f, 9, 11, 13, 22; Gal 3:6 (cp. Hb 11:7; Js 2:23; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; 1 Cl 10:6; B 13:7). Of Jesus as our righteousness 1 Cor 1:30.—As gift and power Ro 5:17, 21, and because it is intimately associated with the δύναμις of Christ’s resurrection Phil 3:9f (s. below), this righteousness enables the redeemed to respond and serve God faithfully Ro 6:13 (in wordplay opp. of ἀδικία), 16, 18ff; cp. 1 Cor 1:30 of Christ as instrument of God’s gift of δ.; 2 Cor 3:9. Thus God’s δ. functions as δύναμις 6:7 within Christians 5:21 (i.e. the way God acts in justifying or restoring people to a relationship with God’s self serves as a model for Christian interaction; for a difft. view, s. above) through the Spirit (Ro 8:9) and assures them they will have life that will be fully realized at the end of the age Ro 8:10f; for the time being it is a matter of hope ἐλπὶς δικαιοσύνης Gal 5:5 (cp. Is 51:5); cp. ἡ ἐκ θεοῦ δ. Phil 3:9. Pol 8:1 shares Paul’s view: Christ as ἀρραβὼν τῆς δ.—God’s uprightness as gift τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς στάξαντος τὴν δ. who distills uprightness on you Hv 3, 9, 1.—Such perspectives offer a transition to specific ways in which the redeemed express uprightness.③ the quality or characteristic of upright behavior, uprightness, righteousnessⓐ of uprightness in general: Mt 5:6 (cp. 6:33; some interpret 5:6 in an eschatological sense, s. 2 above; on desire for δ. cp. ἐπιθυμία τῆς δ. Hm 12, 2, 4); Mt 5:10, 20 (s. b, below); Hm 10, 1, 5; Dg 10:8; λόγος δικαιοσύνης Hb 5:13; Pol 9:1 (s. also Epict., Fgm. Stob. 26; when a man is excited by the λόγος in meetings, he should give expression to τὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης λόγια). πάσχειν διὰ δ. 1 Pt 3:14. ἄγγελος τῆς δ. Hm 6, 2, 1; 3; 8; 10. ῥήματα δ. 8:9. 10, 1, 5; Dg 10:8; Pol 2:3; 3:1; ἐντολὴ δ. commandment of upr. Pol 3:3; 9:1.—Mt 6:33 of the kind of δ. God expects (on δ. as characteristic required by God acc. to Jewish perspective s. Bousset, Rel.3 387ff; 379ff; 423; cp. KFahlgren, Sẹdāḳā, nahestehende u. entgegengesetzte Begriffe im Alten Testament, diss. Uppsala ’32.—S. Diog. L. 3, 83 on Plato’s view of δικαιοσύνη περὶ θεούς or δ. πρὸς τοὺς θεούς=performance of prescribed duties toward gods; s. also ref. to 3, 79 at 1b above). Christ’s δ. Dg 9:3, 5. διαλέγεσθαι περὶ δ. Ac 24:25. Opp. ἀδικία (Hippol., Ref. 4, 43, 12; Did., Gen. 20, 27) 2 Cl 19:2; Dg 9:1. As ἀρετή Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4; 8, 10, 3. Opp. ἀνομία 2 Cor 6:14; cp. 2 Cor. 11:15 (ironical); Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8); ἁμαρτία, which is the dominating power before δ. θεοῦ comes into play Ro 6:16, 18–20; cp. 1 Pt 2:24. ἐργάζεσθαι δ. (Ps 14:2) do what is right Ac 10:35; accomplish righteousness Js 1:20 (W-S. §30, 7g); Hv 2, 2, 7; 2, 3, 3; m 5, 1, 1; 12, 3, 1; 12, 6, 2; Hs 9, 13, 7. Also ἔργον δικαιοσύνης ἐργάζεσθαι 1 Cl 33:8. Opp. οὐδὲν ἐργάζεσθαι τῇ δ. Hs 5, 1, 4; ποιεῖν (τὴν) δ. (2 Km 8:15; Ps 105:3; Is 56:1; 58:2; 1 Macc 14:35 al.) do what is right 1J 2:29; 3:7, 10; Rv 22:11; 2 Cl 4:2; 11:7. Also πράσσειν τὴν δ. 2 Cl 19:3; διώκειν τὴν δ. (cp. Sir 27:8 διώκ. τὸ δίκαιον) seek to attain/achieve upr. Ro 9:30; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; 2 Cl 18:2; δ. ἀσκεῖν Hm 8:10. ὁδὸς (τῆς) δ. (ὁδός 3ab) Mt 21:32; 2 Pt 2:21; B 1:4; 5:4. προπορεύσεται ἔμπροσθεν σου ἡ δ. 3:4 (Is 58:8); cp. 4:12. κατορθοῦσθαι τὰς ὁδοὺς ἐν δ. walk uprightly Hv 2, 2, 6; τῇ δ. ζήσωμεν live uprightly 1 Pt 2:24. πύλη δ. gate of upr. 1 Cl 48:2 (Ps 117:19), cp. vs. 4. ἐν οἷς δ. κατοικεῖ (cp. Is 32:16) in which righteousness dwells 2 Pt 3:13. Of Christ’s body δικαιοσύνης ναο͂ς AcPlCor 2:17. παιδεία ἡ ἐν δ. training in uprightness 2 Ti 3:16. ἔργα τὰ ἐν δ. righteous deeds Tit 3:5. λαμπρότης ἐν δ. rejoicing in uprightness 1 Cl 35:2; ἐχθρὸς πάσης δ. enemy of every kind of upr. Ac 13:10. W. ὁσιότης (Wsd 9:3): holiness and upr. (as the relig. and moral side of conduct; cp. 1QS 1:5; 8:2; 11:9–15; 1QH 4:30f) Lk 1:75 (λατρεύειν ἐν δ. as Josh 24:14); Eph 4:24; 1 Cl 48:4. W. πίστις (OGI 438, 8; 1 Macc 14:35; Just., D. 110, 3) Pol 9:2; cp. 2 Pt 1:1. With εἰρήνη (Is 39:8; 48:18) and χαρά Ro 14:17; cp. 1 Cl 3:4; Hb 7:2 (but s. 1a, above). W. ἀλήθεια (Is 45:19; 48:1) Eph 5:9; 1 Cl 31:2; 62:2; Hs 9, 25, 2. W. ἀγάπη 2 Cl 12:1. W. ἀγαθωσύνη Eph 5:9. W. ἁγνεία Hs 9, 16, 7. W. γνῶσις κυρίου (cp. Pr 16:8) D 11:2. ὅπλα (τῆς) δ. tools or weapons of uprightness Ro 6:13; 2 Cor 6:7; Pol 4:1; θῶραξ τῆς δ. (Is 59:17; Wsd 5:18) breastplate of upr. Eph 6:14. τέκνα δικαιοσύνης (opp. ὀργῆς) AcPlCor 2:19. διάκονοι δικαιοσύνης servants of upr. 2 Cor 11:15; Pol 5:2; μισθός δ. D 5:2; B 20:2; μέρος δ. portion in (eternal salvation) which is meant for righteousness ApPt Rainer 6; καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης (Pr 3:9; 11:30; 13:2) produce of uprightness (ApcSed 12:5) Phil 1:11; Hb 12:11; Js 3:18; Hs 9, 19, 2; GJs 6:3. ὁ τῆς δ. στέφανος the crown of upr. (w. which the upright are adorned; cp. TestLevi 8:2; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 258; a common theme in honorary ins recognizing distinguished public service, s. indexes SIG, OGI and other ins corpora; Danker, Benefactor 345–47; s. also the boast of Augustus, s.v. δίκαιος 1aα) 2 Ti 4:8; cp. ἡ τ. δικαιοσύνης δόξα the glory of upr. ending of Mk in the Freer ms. ln. 11f. Described as a characteristic to be taught and learned, because it depends on a knowledge of God’s will: κῆρυξ δ. preacher of upr. 2 Pt 2:5 (cp. Ar. 15:2 τῇ δ. τοῦ κηρύγματος). διδάσκειν δ. teach upr. (of Paul) 1 Cl 5:7. μέρος τι ἐκ τῆς δ. a portion of uprightness Hv 3, 1, 6; cp. 3, 6, 4; δ. μεγάλην ἐργάζεσθαι m 8:2.—ἐλέγχειν περὶ δικαιοσύνης convict w. regard to uprightness (of Jesus) J 16:8, 10 (s. WHatch, HTR 14, 1921, 103–5; HWindisch: Jülicher Festschr. 1927, 119f; HTribble, Rev. and Expos. 32, ’37, 269–80; BLindars, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 275–85).ⓑ of specific action righteousness in the sense of fulfilling divine expectation not specifically expressed in ordinances (Orig., C. Cels. 7, 18, 39; Did., Gen. 188, 27: οἱ κατὰ δ. ζῶντες) Mt 3:15=ISm 1:1; of a superior type Mt 5:20 (s. JMoffatt, ET 13, 1902, 201–6, OOlevieri, Biblica 5, 1924, 201ff; Betz, SM 190f); not to win plaudits 6:1. To please outsiders as well as oneself 2 Cl 13:1. W. characteristic restriction of mng. mercy, charitableness (cp. Tob 12:9) of God, whose concern for the poor 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps 111:9) is exemplary for the recipients of the letter vs. 10; participation in such activity belongs, according to Mt 6:1f (cp. δίκαιος 1:19: Joseph combines justice and mercy), to the practice of piety (on the development of the word’s mng. in this direction s. Bousset, Rel.3 380). Pl. (B-D-F §142; W-S. §27, 4d; Rob. 408 δικαιοσύναι righteous deeds (Ezk 3:20; 33:13; Da 9:18) 2 Cl 6:9. δικαιοσύναι righteous deeds (Ezk 3:20; 33:13; Da 9:18; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 12 [Stone p. 30]) 2 Cl 6:9. ἀρετὴ δικαιοσύνης Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4; cp. 8, 10, 3.ⓒ uprightness as determined by divine/legal standards δ. θεοῦ upr. that meets God’s standard Js 1:20 (W-S. 30, §7g).—Ro 10:5; Gal 2:21; 3:21; Phil 3:6; 3:9.—ASchmitt, Δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ: JGeffcken Festschr. ’31, 111–31; FHellegers, D. Gerechtigkeit Gottes im Rö., diss. Tüb. ’39; AOepke, TLZ 78, ’53, 257–64.—Dodd 42–59; ADescamps, Studia Hellenistica, ’48, 69–92.—S. also JRopes, Righteousness in the OT and in St. Paul: JBL 22, 1903, 211ff; JGerretsen, Rechtvaardigmaking bij Pls 1905; GottfrKittel, StKr 80, 1907, 217–33; ETobac, Le problème de la Justification dans S. Paul 1908; EDobschütz, Über d. paul. Rechtfertigungslehre: StKr 85, 1912, 38–87; GWetter, D. Vergeltungsged. b. Pls 1912, 161ff; BWestcott, St. Paul and Justification 1913; WMacholz, StKr 88, 1915, 29ff; EBurton ICC, Gal. 1921, 460–74; WMichaelis, Rechtf. aus Glauben b. Pls: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 116–38; ELohmeyer, Grundlagen d. paul. Theologie 1929, 52ff; HBraun, Gerichtsged. u. Rechtfertigungslehre b. Pls. 1930; OZänker, Δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ b. Pls: ZST 9, ’32, 398–420; FFilson, St. P.’s Conception of Recompense ’31; WGrundmann, ZNW 32, ’33, 52–65; H-DWendland, D. Mitte der paul. Botschaft ’35; RGyllenberg, D. paul. Rechtfertigungslehre u. das AT: Studia Theologica (Riga) I ’35, 35–52; HJager, Rechtvaardiging en zekerheid des geloofs (Ro 1:16f; 3:21–5:11) ’39; HHofer, D. Rechtfertigungsverk. des Pls nach neuerer Forschg. ’40; VTaylor, Forgiveness and Reconciliation ’41; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 266–80, Eng. tr. KGrobel ’51, I 270–85; SSchulz, ZTK 56, ’59, 155–85 (Qumran and Paul); CMüller, FRL 86, ’64 (Ro 9–11); JBecker, Das Heil Gottes, ’64; PStuhlmacher, Gerechtigkeit Gottes b. Paulus, ’65; JReumann, Int 20, ’66, 432–52 (Ro 3:21–31); HBraun, Qumran II, ’66, 165–80; JZiesler, The Mng. of Righteousness in Paul, ’72; ESanders, Paul and Palestinian Judaism, ’77 (s. index 625; appendix by MBrauch 523–42 rev. of discussions in Germany); SWilliams, JBL 99, ’80, 241–90.—CPerella, De justificatione sec. Hb: Biblica 14, ’33, 1–21; 150–69. S. also the lit. on πίστις and ἁμαρτία.—On the whole word s. RAC X 233–360; AKöberle, Rechtfertigung u. Heiligung 1930; EDNT I 325–30.—DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. EDNT.TW. Sv. -
12 κρίνω
κρίνω [pron. full] [ῑ], [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ind. κρίνησι ( δια-) f.l. in Theoc.25.46: [tense] fut. κρῐνῶ, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion. κρῐνέω ( δια-) Il.2.387: [tense] aor.Aἔκρῑνα Od.18.264
, etc.: [tense] pf., etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. , but in pass. sense, Pl.Grg. 521e: [tense] aor.ἐκρῑνάμην Il.9.521
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.κρῐθήσομαι A.Eu. 677
, Antipho 6.37, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐκρίθην [ῐ] Pi.N.7.7, etc.; [ per.] 3pl.κρίθεν Id.P.4.168
,ἔκριθεν A.R.4.1462
; [dialect] Ep.opt. κρινθεῖτε ( δια-) Il.3.102, part.κρινθείς 13.129
, Od.8.48, inf.κρινθήμεναι A.R.2.148
: [tense] pf.κέκρῐμαι Pi.O.2.30
, And.4.35, etc.; inf. κεκρίσθαι ( ἀπο-) Pl. Men. 75c:—[dialect] Aeol. [full] κρίννω dub.in IG12(2).278 (Mytil.): [tense] aor. ἔκριννε ib. 6.28(Mytil., [pref] ἐπ-); inf. κρίνναι ib.526b15:—Thess. [tense] pres. inf. [full] κρεννέμεν ib.9(2).517.14 ([place name] Larissa):—separate, put asunder, distinguish,ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ κρίνῃ.. καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας Il.5.501
, etc.;κρῖν' ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα 2.362
. cf. 446;ἥλιος ἠὼ καὶ δύσιν ἔκρινεν Emp.154.1
;κ. τὸ ἀληθές τε καὶ μή Pl.Tht. 150b
;τούς τε ἀγαθοὺς καὶ τοὺς κακούς X. Mem.3.1.9
, etc.:—also [voice] Med.,ἀντία δ' ἐκρίναντο δέμας καὶ σήματ' ἔθεντο χωρὶς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Parm.8.55
:—[voice] Pass.,κρινόμενον πῦρ Emp.62.2
.II pick out, choose,ἐν δ' ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοσιν Il.1.309
;ἐκ Λυκίης.. φῶτας ἀρίστους 6.188
, cf. Od.4.666, 9.90, 195, 14.217, etc.;κ. τινὰ ἐκ πάντων Hdt.6.129
;κρίνασα δ' ἀστῶν.. τὰ βέλτατα A.Eu. 487
; , etc.:—[voice] Med., κρίνασθαι ἀρίστους to choose the best, Il.9.521, cf. 19.193, Od.4.408, 530, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be chosen out, distinguished,ἵνα τε κρίνονται ἄριστοι 24.507
; esp.in partt., κεκριμένος picked out, chosen, Il.10.417, Od.13.182, al., Hdt.3.31;κρινθείς Il.13.129
, Od.8.48; ἀρετᾷ κριθείς distinguished for.., Pi.N.7.7; κριθέντων ἐν τοῖς ἱερέοις approved.., GDI2049.15 (Delph.); ἀσπίδα.. κεκριμένην ὕδατι καὶ πολέμῳ proved by sea and land, AP9.42 (Leon.); ἐν ζῶσι κεκριμένα numbered among.., cj. in E.Supp. 969 (lyr.);εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους κριθείς Luc.Am.2
.2 decide disputes,κρίνων νείκεα πολλά Od.12.440
;ἔκριναν μέγα νεῖκος.. πολέμοιο 18.264
: c.acc. cogn., οἳ.. σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας judge crooked judgements, Il.16.387;κ. δίκας Hdt. 2.129
;κρῖνε δ' εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.Eu. 433
, etc.; πρώτας δίκας κρίνοντες αἵματος ib. 682; κρινεῖ δὲ δὴ τίς ταῦτα; Ar.Ra. 805;κ. κρίσιν Pl.R. 36o
e;ἄριστα κ. Th.6.39
; κρίνουσι βοῇ καὶ οὐ ψήφῳ they decide the question.., Id.1.87;μίσει πλέον ἢ δίκῃ κ. Id.3.67
;τὸ δίκαιον κ. Isoc.14.10
; τῷ τοῦτο κρίνεις; by what do you form this judgement? Ar.Pl. 48;κ. περί τινος Pi.N.5.40
, Pl.Ap. 35d, Arist.Rh. 1391b9, etc.:— [voice] Pass.,ἀγὼν κριθήσεται A.Eu. 677
; κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ (sc. ἡ δίκη) ib. 741: impers., κριθησόμενον a decision being about to be taken, Arr.An. 3.9.6.b decide a contest, e.g. for a prize,ἀγῶνα κ. Ar.Ra. 873
; : c. acc. pers., κ. τὰς θεάς decide their contest, i.e. judge them, E.IA72:—[voice] Pass., Id.Supp. 601(lyr.);αἱ μάχαι κρίνονται ταῖς ψυχαῖς X.Cyr.3.3.19
:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., of persons, have a contest decided, come to issue,κρινώμεθ' Ἄρηϊ Il.2.385
, cf.18.209;ὁπότε μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἡμῖν.. μένος κρίνηται Ἄρηος Od.16.269
;βίηφι κ. Hes.Th. 882
; dispute, contend, Ar.Nu.66;περὶ ἀρετῆς Hdt.3.120
;οὐ κρινοῦμαι.. σοι τὰ πλείονα E.Med. 609
;δίκῃ περί τινος κρίνεσθαι Th.4.122
; κρίνεσθαι μετά τινος v.l. in LXX Jd.8.1, Jb.9.3;πολλαῖς μάχαις κριθείς Nic.Dam.20
J.; compete in games, c. acc. cogn.,κριθέντα Πύθια JRS3.295
(Antioch. Pisid.): [tense] pf. part., decided, clear, strong,κεκριμένος οὖρος Il.14.19
; πόνοι κεκρ. decided, ended, Pi.N.4.1.3 adjudge,κράτος τινί S.Aj. 443
:—[voice] Pass.,τοῖς οὔτε νόστος.. κρίθη Pi.P.8.84
; the sum adjudged to be paid,PLips.
38.13 (iv A. D.).b abs., judge, give judgement,ἄκουσον.. καὶ κρῖνον Ar.Fr. 473
;ἀδίκως κ. Pherecr.96
, cf. Men.Mon. 287, 576.c Medic., bring to a crisis,τὸ θερμὸν φίλιόν [ἐστι] καὶ κρῖνον Hp.Aph.5.22
;κ. τὰ νοσήματα Gal.Nat. Fac.1.13
, al.:—[voice] Pass., of a sick person, come to a crisis,ἐκρίθη εἰκοσταῖος Hp.Epid.1.15
(also impers. in [voice] Act., ἔκρινε τούτοισιν ἑνδεκαταίοισιν the crisis came.., ib.18);τοῦ πάθους κριθέντος D.S.19.24
.4 judge of, estimate, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν] judging of him by myself, D.21.154;πρὸς ἀργύριον τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν κ. Isoc.4.76
:—[voice] Pass.,ἴσον παρ' ἐμοὶ κέκριται Hdt.7.16
.α'; εὔνοιακαιρῷ κρίνεται Men.691
.5 expound, interpret in a particular way,τὸ ἐνύπνιον ταύτῃ ἔκριναν Hdt. 1.120
, cf. 7.19, A.Pr. 485, etc.:—in [voice] Med.,ὁ γέρων ἐκρίνατ' ὀνείρους Il. 5.150
.6 c. acc. et inf., decide or judge that.., Hdt.1.30, 214, Pl. Tht. 17od, etc.;κρίνω σὲ νικᾶν A.Ch. 903
; so, with the inf. omitted,ἀνδρῶν πρῶτον κ. τινά S.OT34
; ; ;ἐκ τῶν λόγων μὴ κρῖνε.. σοφόν Philem.228
:—[voice] Pass., , cf. Th.2.40, etc.7 decide in favour of, prefer, choose,κρίνω δ' ἄφθονον ὄλβον A.Ag.47
<*>, cf. Supp. 396 (both lyr.); ;τινὰ πρό τινος Pl.R. 399e
, cf. Phlb. 57e;τι πρός τι Id.Phd. 110a
([voice] Pass.);εἴ σφε κρίνειεν Πάρις E.Tr. 928
, cf. Ar.Av. 1103, Ec. 1155; choose between,δύ' ἔσθ' ἃ κρῖναι τὸν γαμεῖν μέλλοντα δεῖ, ἤτοι προσηνῆ γ' ὄψιν ἢ χρηστὸν τρόπον Men.584
.8 c.inf.only, determine to do a thing, UPZ42.37(ii B. C.), Ep.Tit.3.12, 1 Ep.Cor.2.2, etc.; ζῆν μεθ' ὧν κρίνῃ τις ἄν (sc. ζῆν ) with whom he chooses to live, Men.506; butτὸ βιάζεσθαι οὐκ ἔκρινε D.S.15.32
.III in Trag., question,αὐτὸν.. ἅπας λεὼς κρίνει παραστάς S.Tr. 195
; εἴ νιν πρὸς βίαν κρίνειν θέλοις ib. 388; καὶ κρῖνε κἀξέλεγχ' Id.Ant. 399;μὴ κρῖνε, μὴ 'ξέταζε Id.Aj. 586
;σέ τοι, σὲ κρίνω Id.El. 1445
.2 bring to trial, accuse, D.2.29, 18.15, 19.233; κ. θανάτου judge (in matters) of life and death, X.Cyr.1.2.14;κ. τινὰ προδοσίας Lycurg.113
;περὶ προδοσίας Isoc.15.129
; κ. τινὰ κακώσεως ἐπαρχίας, Lat. repetundarum, Plu.Caes. 4:—[voice] Pass., to be brought to trial, Th.6.29; θανάτου ( δίκῃ add. cod. B) Id.3.57;Λεωκράτους τοῦ κρινομένου Lycurg.1
; κρίνομαι πρὸς Σωφρόνην; Men.Epit. 529; ; : c. gen. criminis,κρίνεσθαι δώρων Lys.27.3
:κ. ἐπ' ἀδικήματι Plu.2.241e
: abs.,ὁ κεκριμένος Aeschin.2.159
.3 pass sentence upon, condemn, D.19.232:— [voice] Pass., to be judged, condemned,κακούργου.. ἐστι κριθέντ' ἀποθανεῖν Id.4.47
;μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε Ev.Matt.7.1
; τὰ κεκριμένα the judgement of a court, PRyl.76.8 (ii A. D.). ( κρῐ-ν-y ω ἐ-κρῐ-ν-σα, cf. Lat. cerno (from *cr[icaron]-n-), crībrum (from * crei-dhrom).) -
13 πνεῦμα
A blast, wind, first in Anaximen.2, ὅλον τὸν κόσμον π. καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει: freq. in Trag., etc.,ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων A.Pr. 1086
(anap.), cf. 1047 (anap.);θαλάσσας.. πνεύματι λάβρῳ Id.Pers. 110
(lyr.);πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ Id.Fr.300.3
; ; (but πνοή is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses πνοιή); πνεύματα ἀνέμων Hdt.7.16
.ά; τὸ π. κατῄει Th.2.84
; κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π. ib.97;τὸ π. λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν Ar.Ra. 1003
;τὸ π. ἔλαττον γίγνεται Id.Eq. 441
;εἰ φορὸν π. εἴη X.HG6.2.27
; κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος to leeward of him, Arist.HA 560b14; but κατὰ π. προσιόντες down wind, ib. 535a19; πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις, Epicur. Ep.2pp.44,45 U.; as an element, air, Corp.Herm.1.9, 16;τὸ π. τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν Plot.2.2.2
, cf. Porph.Sent.29.2 metaph., θαλερωτέρῳ π. with more genial breeze or influence, A.Th. 708(lyr.);λύσσης π. μάργῳ Id.Pr. 884
(anap.); αἰδοίῳ π. χώρας with air or spirit of respect on the part of the country, Id.Supp.29(anap.); π. ταὐτὸν οὔποτ'.. ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν the wind is constantly changing even among friends, S.OC 612;π. συμφορᾶς E.IT 1317
;ὅταν θεοῦ σοι π. μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ Id.HF 216
.II breathed air, breath, ; αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π., E.Ba. 128(lyr.), Ph. 787 (lyr., pl.); π. ἀπέρρηξεν βίου the breath of life, A.Pers. 507;π. ἀπώλεσεν Id.Th. 984
(lyr.); π. ἄθροισον collect breath, E.Ph. 851; π. ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι, to give up the ghost, Id.Hec. 571, Or. 277, Tr. 785 (anap.);π. δειμαίνων λιπεῖν Id.Supp. 554
;π... δυσῶδες ἠφίει Th.2.49
; πνεύματος διαρροαί the wind-pipe, E.Hec. 567;τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον Pl.Ti. 91c
(v. πνεύμων); πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu.2.804b
: prov.,ἄνθρωπός ἐστι π. καὶ σκιὰ μόνον S.Fr.13
.2 breathing, respiration, freq. in Hp., π. πυκνόν, ἀραιόν, ἐκτεῖνον, κατεπεῖγον, Epid.2.3.7;π. πυκνότερον Acut.16
; π. προσκόπτον checked, difficult breathing, Aph.4.68; π. ἄσημον indistinct, feeble breathing, Epid.6.7.8;π. βηχῶδες Coac. 622
; π. μετέωρον shallow breathing, Epid.2.3.1; τὸ π. ἔχειν ἄνω to be out of breath, Men.23, cf. Sosicr.1; τὸ π. ἀνήνεγκαν recovered their breath, Hp.Prorrh.2.12 (so withoutτὸ π. Aph.2.43
); but ἀναφέρουσιν.. κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π. they sob.., Id.Hebd.51.b pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας Id.Acut.(Sp.)7,al.4 breath of life,π. ζωῆς LXXGe.6.17
, 7.15, cf. Plu.Per.13,etc.; π. ἔχειν retain life, Plb.31.10.4; living being,ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην π. Phoen.1.16
; οὐ π. πάντα βρότεια σοὶ (sc. Πλούτωνι)νέμεται; IG14.769
([place name] Naples).5 that which is breathed forth or exhaled, odour,ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς π. E.Hipp. 1391
; π. βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα, of a tree, Plu.2.647b.6 Gramm., breathing with which a vowel is pronounced, ib. 1009e (pl.), A.D.Adv.147.18; π. δασύ, ψιλόν, Id.Pron. 78.6, Adv.148.9.III divine inspiration,ἄγρια.. πνεύματα θευφορίης AP6.220.4
(Diosc.);εἰ μή τι θεῖον.. ἐνῆν π. τῇ ψυχῇ Pl.Ax. 370c
;τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις π. Plu.2.605a
;καθαρὸν δίκαιον.. π. θεοῦ σωτῆρος BMus.Inscr.1062
(Cyrene, ii A. D.).2 spirit of man,εἴτ' ἐστὶ τοῦτο π. θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς Men.482.3
: in NT, opp. ψυχή, 1 Ep.Thess.5.23, cf. Ep.Rom.8.2; τῷ π., opp. τῷ σώματι, 1 Ep.Cor.5.3; also, opp. γράμμα, Ep.Rom.2.29.V spiritual or immaterial being, angel, Ep.Hebr.1.14, Apoc.1.4; τὰ ἄχραντα π., τὰ κακὰ π., Iamb.Myst.3.31; π. πονηρόν, ψευδές, LXX Jd.9.23, 3 Ki.22.21, cf. Act.Ap.19.12, 15, Apoc.16.14, Porph. ap. Eus.PE4.23, etc.; ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ π. οὖσα πλήρης (sc. ἡ Πυθία) Plu.2.438b.VI Rhet., sentence declaimed in one breath, Hermog.Inv.3.10,4.4,al. -
14 σύμφορος
σύμφορ-ος, ον,A accompanying, λιμὸς ἀεργῷ σύμφορος ἀνδρί hunger is the sluggard's companion, Hes.Op. 302: c. gen.,πενίης οὐ σύμφοροι, ἀλλὰ κόροιο Id.Th. 593
.II suitable, useful, profitable, c. dat., ἔκτη.. κούρῃ οὐ σύμφορός ἐστιν the sixth day is not good for a girl, Id.Op. 783;οὐ.. σύμφορόν ἐστι γυνὴ νέα ἀνδρὶ γέροντι Thgn.457
; ;πολλῷ ξυμφορώτερον ἐς.. Th.3.47
;πρὸς.. Pl.Lg. 766e
, Isoc.6.74 ([comp] Sup.); σύμφορόν ἐστι, = συμφέρει, Hdt.8.60.ά, S.OC 592;Πλούτῳ.. τοῦτο -ώτατον Ar.Pl. 1162
, cf. Th.2.36: τὰ ς. what is expedient, S.OC 464, etc.; τῶν ἀναγκαίων ξυμφόρων διαναστάς departing from his necessary (i.e. natural) interests, Th.4.128;δρᾶν τὰ -ώτατά τινι E.Med. 876
; τὸ ὑμέτερον ξ. your plea of expediency, opp. τὸ δίκαιον, Th.5.98, cf. 3.47. Adv., - ρως ἔχειν to be expedient, Isoc.5.102;Χρῆσθαι X.Cyr.4.2.45
: [comp] Comp.- ώτερον Id.HG6.5.39
: [comp] Sup.- ώτατα Th.8.43
, X.Cyr.5.3.22, PCair.Zen.637.14 (iii B.C.), etc.2 rarely of persons, ξυμφορώτατοι προσπολεμῆσαι most convenient to make war upon, Th.8.96.III τὸ σύμφορον ὄνομα is f.l. for τὸ σῦφαρ ὄνομα (cj. Schöne, Berl.Sitzb.1924.100) in Gal.6.379.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύμφορος
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15 τυραννικός
A of or for a τύραννος, royal, ;τρόποισιν οὐ τυραννικοῖς Id.Ch. 479
;κράτος τ. S.OC 373
; ; δόμος, στέγαι, ib. 740, Andr. 882; κύκλος τ. the circle or assembly of kings, S.Aj. 749; τ. θέαμα (in good sense) Phalar.Ep.122.1.2 befitting a tyrant, despotic, ;συμφοραὶ τ.
that befall a tyrant,Isoc.
8.91; smacking of tyranny, τὸ σῦκον (sc. τὸ Αακωνικὸν)ἐχθρόν ἐστι καὶ τ. Ar.Fr. 108
(troch.);φρονῶν τυραννικά Id.V. 507
(troch.);ξυνωμοσία τ.
in favour of tyranny,Th.
6.60; ; τι δρᾶσαι τῶν τ. ib. 574b;μαθὼν ἀντὶ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ τὸ τ. X.Cyr.1.3.18
;τὰ τ.
the period of the tyrants,Arist.
Pol. 1303a38.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τυραννικός
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16 τύχη
τύχη [pron. full] [ῠ], ἡ, [dialect] Boeot. [full] τιούχα IG7.2809.1 (Hyettus, iii B. C.), [full] τούχα ib.3083 (Lebad., iii B. C.): (Aτεύχω, τυγχάνω A. 1.2
):—the act of a god,τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi.O.8.67
; ;τύχᾳ θεῶν Pi.P.8.53
; σὺν θεοῦ τύχᾳ, σὺν Χαρίτων τύχᾳ, Id.N.6.24, 4.7;θείῃ τύχῃ Hdt.1.126
, 3.139, 4.8, 5.92.γ; ἐὰν θεία τις συμβῇ τ. Pl.R. 592a
;θείᾳ τινὶ τύχῃ Id.Ep. 327e
;ἐκ θείας τύχης S.Ph. 1326
;δαιμονίως ἔκ τινος τ. Pl.Ti. 25e
;πῶς οὖν μάχωμα θνητὸς ὢν θείᾳ τύχῃ; S.Fr. 196
; ἆρα θείᾳ κἀπόνῳ τάλας τύχῃ [ὄλωλε]; Id.OC 1585;ἐμὲ.. δαιμονία τις τύχη κατέχει Pl.Hp.Ma. 304c
: (lyr.);ἐξεπλήσσου τῇ τ. τῇ τῶν θεῶν Id.IA 351
(troch.);δαίμονος τύχα βαρεῖα Id.Rh. 728
(lyr.);τὰς.. δαιμόνων τ. ὅστις φέρει κάλλιστα Id.Fr.37
.b the act of a human being, πέμψον τιν' ὅστις σημανεῖ—ποίας τύχας; will order—what action? Id.IT 1209 (troch.).2 esp. ἀναγκαία τύχη, as a paraphrase for Ἀνάγκη, Necessity, Fate,τέθνηκ' Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης S.El. 48
;τῆς ἀ. τ. οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν μεῖζον ἀνθρώποις κακόν Id.Aj. 485
; πρόστητ' ἀ. τ. ib. 803;εἴ τις ἀ. τ. γίγνοιτο Pl.Lg. 806a
: also pl.,ἀλλ' ἥκομεν γὰρ εἰς ἀναγκαίας τύχας θυγατρὸς αἱματηρὸν ἐκπρᾶξαι φόνον E. IA 511
.II regarded as an agent or cause beyond human control:1 fortune, providence, fate,πάντα τύχη καὶ μοῖρα, Περίκλεες, ἀνδρὶ δίδωσι Archil.16
;ἡμῖν ἐκ πάντων τοῦτ' ἀπένειμε τύχη Simon.100
;πύργοις δ' ἀπειλεῖ δείν', ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426
;ἐπ' εὐμενεῖ τύχᾳ Pi.O.14.15
;μετὰ τύχης ευ'μενοῦς Pl.Lg. 813a
; ;ὁρμώμενον βροτοῖσιν εὐπόμπῳ τύχῃ Id.Eu.93
: personified,Σώτειρα Τύχα Pi.O.12.2
;Τ. Σωτήρ A. Ag. 664
, cf. S.OT80; ἐμαυτὸν παῖδα τῆς Τ. νέμων τῆς εὖ διδούσης ib. 1080; <Τύχα>.. Προμαθείας θυγάτηρ Alcm.62
, cf. Pi.Fr.41, D.Chr. 63.7;πάντων τύραννος ἡ Τύχη 'στὶ τῶν θεῶν Trag.Adesp.506
, cf. 505;Τύχα, μερόπων ἀρχά τε καὶ τέρμα.. προφερεστάτα θεῶν Lyr.Adesp.139
.2 chance, regarded as an impersonal cause,τύχη φορὰ ἐξ ἀδήλου εἰς ἄδηλον, καὶ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου αἰτία δαιμονίας πράξεως Pl.Def. 411b
; coupled with τὸ αὐτόματον, Arist.Ph. 195b31, al.; defined asαἰτία ἄδηλος ἀνθρωπίνῳ λογισμῷ Stoic.2.281
; ;τὰ τῆς τύχης φέρειν δεῖ γνησίως τὸν εὐγενῆ Antiph.281
, cf. Apollod.Com.17, Alex.252, Men. 205;οὐκ ἔχουσιν αἱ τ. φρένας Alex.287
;τῆς ἀναγκαίας μέν, ἀγνώμονος δὲ τ. οὐχ ὡς δίκαιον ἦν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐβούλετο, κρινάσης τὸν ἀγῶνα D.Ep.2.5
; personified and said to be blind, Men.417b, Kon.14, Plu. 2.98a;τί δ' ἂν φοβοῖτ' ἄνθρωπος, ᾧ τὰ τῆς τ. κρατεῖ, πρόνοια δ' ἐστὶν οὐδενὸς σαφής; S.OT 977
; ἂν μὲν ἡ τ. συνεπιλαμβάνηται.., ἂν δ' ἀντιπίπτῃ τὰ τῆς τ., Plb.2.49.7,8;ἡ Τ. σχεδὸν ἅπαντα τὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης πράγματα πρὸς ἓν ἔκλινε μέρος Id.1.4.1
, cf. 1.63.9, 2.38.5, 36.17.1;τῆς Τ. ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες ἀναβιβαζούσης ἐπὶ σκηνὴν τὴν τῶν Ῥοδίων ἄγνοιαν Id.29.19.2
, cf. 23.10.16, Dem.Phal.39J.; οὐκ ἂν ἐν τύχῃ γίγνεσθαι σφίσι would not depend on chance, Th.4.73; , cf. 69; τύχῃ by chance, S.Ant. 1182, Ph. 546, Th.1.144, etc.; opp. φύσει, Pl.Prt. 323d; ἀπὸ τύχης, opp. ἀπὸ παρασκευῆς, Lys.21.10; opp. ἀπὸ φύσεως, Arist. Metaph. 1032a29;ἀπὸ τ. ἀπροσδοκήτου Pl.Lg. 920d
; , R. 499b, etc.;διὰ τύχην Isoc.4.132
, 9.45;δίκαιος οὐδεὶς ἀπὸ τύχης οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν τ. Arist.Pol. 1323b29
;κατὰ τύχην Th.3.49
, X.HG3.4.13;τῆς τ. εὖ μετεστεώσης Hdt.1.118
;τὸ τῆς τ. ἀφανές E.Alc. 785
, cf. D.4.45.III regarded as a result:1 good fortune, success,δὸς ἄμμι τ. εὐδαιμονίην τε h.Hom.11.5
;μοῦνον ἀνδρὶ γένοιτο τ. Thgn.130
;τ. μόνον προσείη Ar.Av. 1315
(lyr.);εἴ οἱ τ. ἐπίσποιτο Hdt.7.10
.δ, cf. 1.32; σὲ γὰρ θεοὶ ἐπορῶσι· οὐ γὰρ ἄν.. ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ ib. 124;ἐπειδήπερ ἐν τούτῳ τύχης εἰσί Th.7.33
;σὺν τύχᾳ Pi.N.5.48
, cf. S.Ph. 775; σὺν τ. τινί A Ch.138, cf. Th.472;τύχᾳ Pi.N.10.25
, E.El. 594 (lyr.); οὐ πεποιθότες τύχῃ not believing in our good fortune, A.Ag. 668; γλῶσσαν ἐν τύχᾳ νέμων ib. 685 (lyr.); σοφῶν γὰρ ἀνδρῶν ταῦτα, μὴ 'κβάντας τύχης, καιρὸν λαβόντας, ἡδονὰς ἄλλας λαβεῖν without stepping out of success already attained, E.IT 907;τὰς γὰρ παρούσας οὐχὶ σῴζοντες τ. ὤλοντ' ἐρῶντες μειζόνων ἀβουλίᾳ Id.Fr. 1077
: c. gen. rei,Ζεῦ τέλει', αἰδῶ δίδοι καὶ τύχαν τερπνῶν γλυκεῖαν Pi.O.13.115
.2 ill fortune,τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας.. φέρειν S.Ph. 1317
; κατὰ τύχας in misfortune, opp.κατὰ.. εὐπραγίας, Pl.Lg. 732c;τοιαύτῃσι περιέπιπτον τύχῃσι Hdt. 6.16
; τύχῃ by ill-luck, opp. ἀδικίᾳ, Antipho 6.1; opp. προνοίᾳ, Id.5.6; ἔστιν ἡ τ. τοῦ ἄρξαντος the ill-luck is his who began the fray, Id.4.4.8; of death, ἢν χρήσωνται τύχῃ, i. e. if they are killed, E.Heracl. 714, cf. And.1.120, X.Cyn.5.29;δεχομένοις λέγεις θανεῖν σε, τὴν τ. δ' αἱρούμεθα A.Ag. 1653
;τ. ἑλεῖν Id.Supp. 380
, cf. Pr. 106, 274, 290 (anap.); : personified, εἰ μὴ τὴν Τ. αὐτὴν λέγεις *misfortune herself, ib. 786.3 in a neutral sense, mostly in pl. 'fortunes',ποίαις ὁμιλήσει τύχαις Pi. N.1.61
;πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἀεὶ βουλεύεσθαι καὶ ταῖς τ. ἐπακολουθεῖν Isoc.6.34
; τὴν ἐλπίδ' οὐ χρὴ τῆς τ. κρίνειν πάρος the event, S.Tr. 724;ἐπὶ τῇσι παρεούσῃσι τύχῃσι Hdt.7.236
;ἐγὼ δὲ τὴν παροῦσαν ἀντλήσω τ. A.Pr. 377
;φέρειν ἀνάγκη τὰς παρεστώσας τ. E.Or. 1024
: c. gen. rei,κοινὰς εἶναι τὰς τ. τοῖς ἅπασι καὶ τῶν κακῶν καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν Lys.24
. 22.4 the quality of the fortune or fate may be indicated by an Adj., ἀγαθὴ τ. or ἡ ἀγαθὴ τ., A.Ag. 755 (lyr.), Ar. Pax 360, D.Ep.4.3, etc.;πολλῇ χρῷτ' ἂν ἀγαθῇ τ. Pl.Lg. 640d
; freq. in prayers and good wishes,εὐχώμεσθα Διὶ.. θεσμοῖς τοῖσδε τ. ἀγαθὴν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάσσαι Sol.[31]
; θεὸς τ. ἀγαθάν (sc. δότω) GDI1930, al. (Delph., ii B. C.): in nom.,θεός, τύχα ἀγαθά IG42(1).47.1
, 121.1 (Epid., iv B.C.), 73.1 (ibid., iii B.C.): freq. in dat., ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ by God's help, Lat. quod di bene vortant, ἀγαθᾷ τύχᾳ ib.103.119 (ibid., iv B. C.);ἀλλ' ἴωμεν ἀγαθῇ τ. Pl.Lg. 625c
;ταῦτα ποιεῖτ' ἀγ. τ. D.3.18
;τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ And. 1.120
, Pl.Smp. 177e, Cri. 43d, etc.; in Com. with crasis,ἡγοῦ δὴ σὺ νῷν τύχἀγαθῇ Ar.Av. 675
, cf. 436, Ec. 131, Nicostr.Com.19; as a formula in treaties, decrees, etc., Αάχης εἶπε, τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ τῇ Ἀθηναίων ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν Decr. ap. Th.4.118, etc.;ἀγ. τ. τῇ Ἀθηναίων IG12.39.40
; alsoἐπ' ἀγαθῇ τ. Ar.V. 869
, cf. Pl.Lg. 757e; μετ' ἀγαθῆς τ. ib. 732d; τύχῃ ἀμείνονι, ἐπ' ἀμείνοσι τύχαις, ib. 856e, 878a; alsoτύχᾳ σὺν ἔσλᾳ Sapph.Supp.9.4
;ἐπὶ τύχῃσι χρηστῇσι Hdt.1.119
: with κακός or equivalent words,τ. παλίγκοτος A.Ag. 571
;ἡ δέ τοι τ. κακὴ μὲν αὕτη γ' ἀλλὰ συγγνώμην ἔχει S.Tr. 328
;ἐν τοιᾷδε κείμενος κακῇ τ. Id.Aj. 323
;τίς τῆσδ' ἔτ' ἐχθίων τύχη; A. Pers. 438
; ;ὅταν τις ἡμῶν δυστυχῆ λάβῃ τ. Id.Tr. 471
, cf. Th.5.102;ἀλιτηριώδης τ. Pl. Lg. 881e
;ποινὴν καὶ κακὴν τ. S.E.M.5.16
.5 with gen. (or possess. Adj.) of the person who enjoys or endures the fortune or fate,τῶν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις θανόντων εὐκλεὴς μὲν ἁ τύχα, καλὸς δ' ὁ πότμος Simon.4.2
;θεῶν δ' ὄπιν ἄφθιτον αἰτέω, Εέναρκες, ὑμετέραις τύχαις Pi.P.8.72
;ὤμοι βαρείας ἆρα τῆς ἐμῆς τ. S.Aj. 980
;κατεδάκρυσε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τ. X.Cyr.5.4.31
;ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν Ἀρκάδων τ. ἥσθησαν Id.HG7.1.32
;πρὸς τὰς τ. τῶν ἐναντίων ἐπαίρεσθαι Th.6.11
;τῆς ὑμετέρας τ. D.1.1
;τὴν ἰδίαν τ. τὴν ἐμὴν καὶ τὴν ἑνὸς ἡμῶν ἑκάστου Id.18.255
.IV the τ. or ἀγαθὴ τ. of a person or city is sts. thought of as permanently belonging to him or it, as a faculty for good fortune, destiny, almost = δαίμων 1.2, 11.3,τὸν δαίμονα καὶ τὴν τ. τὴν συμπαρακολουθοῦσαν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ φυλάξασθαι Aeschin.3.157
;ἐπισφαλές ἐστι πιστεύειν ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς τύχῃ τηλικαῦτα πράγματα Plu.Fab.26
;νὴ τὴν σὴν τ. Arr.Epict.2.20.29
: personified,θύειν Τύχῃ Ἀγαθῇ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς Ποσειδωνίου κριόν SIG1044.34
(Halic., iv/iii B. C.); a statue of the Τύχη of the City of Antioch executed by Eutychides, Paus.6.2.7: so of rulers, (Halic., iii B.C.);διὰ τὴν τ. τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου βασιλέως BGU1764.8
(i B. C.);νὴ τὴν Καίσαρος τ. Arr. Epict.4.1.14
;ὀμνύω τὴν.. Σεβαστοῦ τ. Sammelb.7440.19
(ii A. D.), cf. BGU1583.23 (ii A. D.); of officials, e.g. theἐπιστράτηγος, ἐάν σου τῇ εὐμενεστάτῃ τύχῃ δόξῃ Sammelb.7361.21
(iii A. D.).2 = Lat. Fortuna; Τ. Σωτήριος, = Fortuna Redux, Mon.Anc.Gr.6.7; Τ. Πρωτογένεια, = F. Primigenia, SIG1133 (Delos, ii B. C.).3 position, station in life,ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ τοιαύτῃ συμβεβίωκα τύχῃ.., σὺ δ' ὁ σεμνὸς.. σκόπει.. ποίᾳ τινὶ κέχρησαι τύχῃ.. τὸ μέλαν τρίβων κτλ. D.18.258
;πάσῃ τ. καὶ ἡλικίᾳ BCH15.184
, 198,204 ([place name] Panamara);οἰκέτης τὴν τ. Ael.NA7.48
; ;οἱ δουλικὴν τ. εἰληχότες POxy.1186.5
(iv A. D.), cf. 1101.7,11,21,24 (iv A. D.), etc.; rank,βουλευτικὴ τ. PLond.3.1015.1
,4 (vi A. D.), cf. Cod.Just. 1.3.52.1, 4.20.15.1, 9.5.2.V Astrol. uses:VI Pythag. name for 7, Theol.Ar.44. -
17 δεσποτικός
A of or for a master, συμφοραί misfortunes that befall one's master, X.Cyr.7.5.64; δίκαιον a master's right, Arist.EN 134b8;ὑπομένειν τὴν δ. ἀρχήν Id.Pol. 1285a22
; ἡ δ., = δεσποτεία, ib. 1259a37;τὸ δ. Pl.Lg. 697c
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δεσποτικός
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18 μαντεύομαι
Aἐμαντευσάμην Pl.Ap. 21a
, Aeschin.3.107; poet.μαντευσάμην Pi.O.7.31
: [tense] pf.μεμάντευμαι Id.P.4.163
:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. IV: ([etym.] μάντις):—divine, prophesy, τί μοι θάνατον μαντεύεαι; Il.19.420; τί νύ μοι μαντεύεαι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον; 16.859;ἐτεὸν μ. 2.300
: abs.,οὐ γὰρ ἀπείρητος μαντεύομαι Od.2.170
, cf. 9.510, Il.1.107; τινι to one, Od.2.178, etc.: c. dat. modi, draw divinations from or by means of..,ῥάβδοισι Hdt.4.67
: c. acc. cogn.,μαντεῖα μ. A.Eu. 716
(s. v.l.).2 generally, presage, forebode, surmise, of presentiment, opp. knowledge, Pl.Cra. 411b, R. 349a, al.; l.c.;ἔστι γὰρ ὃ μαντεύονταί τι πάντες φύσει κοινὸν δίκαιον Arist.Rh. 1373b7
;μ. τὸ συμβησόμενον ἐκ τῶν εἰκότων Id.GA 765a27
.3 of animals, get scent of,κύων ἄρτον μ. Theoc. 21.45
.II consult an oracle, seek divinations, Pi.O.7.31, Hdt.1.46, 4.172, etc.;ἐν Δελφοῖσι Id.6.76
;ἐπὶ κασταλίᾳ Pi.P.
l.c.;περί τινος Id.O.6.38
, Hdt.8.36;ὑπέρ τινος E. Ion 431
; , cf. Av. 593; ταῦτα καὶ μ. this is the question I ask the oracle, E. Ion 346;ἐτόλμησε τοῦτο μαντεύσασθαι Pl.Ap. 21a
; μαντείαν μ. παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Aeschin.l.c.III later, of the god, give an oracle,ταῦθ' ὁρῶ τὸν Δία ὑμῖν μαντευόμενον D.18.253
, cf. Luc.Alex.19, Sol.9.IV in later Greek, [voice] Act. [full] μαντεύω, Plu.Alex.75, Arr.Ind.11.5, X.Eph.5.4, Him.Or.10.5, 14.34, 23.23: but [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., ἐμαντεύθη an oracle was given, Hdt.5.114: [tense] pf. part., τὰ μεμαντευμένα the words of the oracles, ib.45; τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μαντευσθέντα (sic) IG42(1).122.81 (Epid., iv B.C.), cf. Hld.7.1.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαντεύομαι
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19 μεταστρέφω
A turn about, turn round,τῶ κε Ποσειδάων.. αἶψα μεταστ ρέψειε νόον Il.15.52
;εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐκ χόλου.. μεταστρέψῃ φίλον ἦτορ 10.107
;τὸ πρόσωπον πρός τι Pl.Smp. 190e
: —[voice] Med., (lyr.):— [voice] Pass., turn oneself about, turn about, whether to face the enemy,στῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς Il.11.595
, 15.591, cf. Hdt.7.211; or to flee, ; simply, turn round, Hdt.3.121, Pl.Phd. 116d, etc.; turn about (to see if any one follows), Ar.Lys. 125, D.21.221; recur,ἐπὶ τὰ προειρημένα Pl.Cra. 428d
.3 twist or turn all ways, ;λόγους ἄνω καὶ κάτω μ. Id.Phdr. 272b
; turn upside down,ἅπαντα μ. τύχη Philem.111
:—[voice] Pass., .4 misrepresent, [δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἀδικίας] τὴν δύναμιν Pl.R. 367a
: generally, change, alter,τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἔστι μεταστρέψαι Arist.Rh. 1376b21
, cf. 1412a33; invert, τὰ τοῦ Ξενοφάνους ib. 1377a23:—[voice] Pass., ὁρᾷς γὰρ τἄμ' ὅσῳ μετεστράφη how my fortunes are changed, E.Ba. 1329;τὸ ψήφισμ' ὅπως μεταστραφείη Ar.Ach. 537
.II intr., turn another way, change one's ways, ἦ τι μεταστρέψεις; Il.15.203: [tense] aor. part. μεταστρέψας contrariwise, Pl.Grg. 457a (pl.), R. 587d.3 c. gen., care for, regard, E.Hipp. 1226.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μεταστρέφω
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20 ποῦ
A where? Hom., etc.; freq. c. dat. pers.,ποῦ δέ οἱ ἔντεα κεῖται..; Il.10.407
;π. τοι τόξον; 5.171
;π. τοι Δηΐφοβος.., π. δέ τοι Ὀθρυονεύς; 13.770
, 772;ἀλλ' ἡμὶν Αἴας ποὖστιν; S. Aj. 733
;π. μοί ποτε ναίει; Id.OC 137
(lyr.); rarely with Verbs of motion in early authors, v. που sub fin.:—c. gen. loci, π. χθονός; where in the world? A.Pers. 231;π. γῆς; S.Aj. 984
, OT 108, etc.;π. τῆς χώρας; X.Eq.Mag.7.14
; τὴν σοφίαν.. π. χοροῦ τάξομεν; in what part of the chorus? Pl.Euthd. 279c.2 so in a sense not strictly local,π. ποτ' εἶ φρενῶν; S.El. 390
;π. γνώμης ποτ' εἶ; Id.Ant.42
;π. ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; Id.Tr. 375
; π. σοι τύχης ἕστηκεν; at what point of fortune stands he? Id.Aj. 102.II of manner, how? E.IA 406, Or. 802; to express an inference very strongly, κοῦ γε δὴ.. οὐκ ἂν χωσθείη κόλπος..; how then would it not.. ? i.e. it certainly would.., Hdt.2.11, cf. Th.8.27 codd.; in Trag., in indignant questions, how? by what right?π. σὺ στρατηγεῖς τοῦδε; S.Aj. 1100
;ποῦ σὺ μάντις εἶ σαφής; Id.OT 390
, cf. Ph. 451, E.Heracl. 369 (lyr.), 510;π. γάρ ἐστι δίκαιον; D.37.41
, cf. 23.58.
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См. также в других словарях:
δίκαιος — α και η, ο και δίκιος, α, ο (AM δίκαιος, α, ον) Ι. 1. αυτός που κρίνει δίκαια, που απονέμει δικαιοσύνη σύμφωνα με τους νόμους και τη λογική («ο δίκαιος κριτής γυρεύει να χωρίσει το δίκαιο από το άδικο») 2. ο νόμιμος («δίκαιος κληρονόμος») 3. ο… … Dictionary of Greek
προσεκπονώ — έω, Α εκπονώ, επεξεργάζομαι επιπροσθέτως, ολοκληρώνω (α. «τὸ προσεκπονεῑν ζητούντα τὴν ἀλήθειαν», Κλήμ. β. «νόσον νοσῶν νεφρῑτιν, ἧς τὸ μὴ προσεκπονηθὲν λεῑμμα ποιεῑσθαι δίκαιόν ἐστι», Πλούτ.) … Dictionary of Greek
«ДОСТОЙНО ЕСТЬ» — [греч. ῎Αξιόν ἐστιν; слав. ], одно из наиболее известных правосл. песнопений во имя Пресв. Богородицы. Текст «Д. е.» представляет собой развернутую похвалу Богородице и состоит из 2 частей, приписываемых разным гимнографам: припева величания … Православная энциклопедия
ГРИГОРИЙ ПАЛАМА — [Греч. Γρηγόριος Παλαμᾶς] (ок. 1296, К поль 14.11.1357, Фессалоника), свт. (пам. 14 нояб., переходящее празд. во 2 ю Неделю Великого поста), архиеп. Фессалоникийский, отец и учитель Церкви. Жизнь Источники Свт. Григорий Палама. Икона. Посл. треть … Православная энциклопедия
μεταστρέφω — (ΑΜ μεταστρέφω, Μ και ματαστρέφω) 1. στρέφω κάτι προς άλλη διεύθυνση ή δίδω σε κάτι άλλη κατεύθυνση («τῷ κε Ποσειδάων... αἷψα μεταστρέψειε νόον», Ομ. Ιλ.) 2. (γενικά) αλλάζω, τροποποιώ, μεταβάλλω («τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἔστι μεταστρέψαι», Αριστοτ.) 3.… … Dictionary of Greek
προσβολή — η, ΝΜΑ [προσβάλλω] έφοδος, εφόρμηση (α. «έγινε προσβολή με άρματα μάχης» β. «καὶ προσβολαὶ... ἐγίγνοντο τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππέων», Θουκ.) νεοελλ. 1. βλάβη τής υγείας («προσβολή τού νευρικού συστήματος») 2. υβριστική συμπεριφορά («μού έκανε μεγάλη… … Dictionary of Greek
συγκαταδικάζω — ΜΑ καταδικάζω μαζί («οὕς οὐκ ἔστι δίκαιον συγκαταδικασθήναι τοῑς ύπαιτίοις», Γρηγ Νύσσ.) … Dictionary of Greek
τε — ΝΜΑ (ως συμπλεκτ. σύνδ.) χρησιμοποιείται αντί τού και, στη νεοελλ. ως λόγιος τ. ιδίως σε προτάσεις που περιέχουν δύο και, αντί τού πρώτου (α. «είναι άριστος γνώστης τής τε αρχαίας και τής νεοελληνικής γλώσσας» β. «χρὴ...λαχάνων ἅπτεσθαι, κοιλίαν… … Dictionary of Greek